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Chapter 9
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Deposition | occurs where the agents of erosion deposit, or lay down sediment. |
Gravity | the force that moves rock and other material downhill. |
Landslides | rock and soil slide quickly downhill |
Mudflows | rapid downhill movement of a mixture of rock, water, and soil. |
Slump | a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope. |
Creep | very slow downhill movement of rock and soil. |
Runoff | water that moves over Earth’s surface |
Rills | tiny grooves in the soil created by runoff. |
Gully | large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. |
Stream | a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope. |
Tributary | a stream or river that flows into a large river. |
Waterfalls | occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes away slowly. |
Flood Plain | flat, wide area along a river which floods when the river overflows. |
Meander | a loop-like bend in the course of a river. |
Oxbow Lakes- | a meander that has been cut off from the river. |
Groundwater | water that soaks into the ground, fills openings in the soils and trickles into spaces and cracks in layers of rock. |
Stalactite | a deposit that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cave. |
Stalagmite | low dripping builds up a cone-shape from the floor. |
Karst Topography | region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns, and sinkholes. |
Energy | the ability to do work or cause change. |
Slope | the amount a river drops toward sea level over a given distance. |
Volume of Flow- | volume of water that moves past a point on the river in a given time. |
Turbulence | roughness that prevents water from flowing smoothly. |
Continental Glaciers | covers much of a continent or large island. |
Valley Glacier | long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley. |
Plucking | as glaciers move over land, it picks up rocks |
Till | mixture of sediment that glaciers deposit directly on the surface. |
Moraine | idge formed by the till deposited at the edges of glaciers. |
Terminal Moraine | ridge of till at the farthest point reached by a glacier. Long Island in New York is a terminal glacier. |
Kettle | small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacier |
Headland | part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean. |
Beach | an area of wave–washed area along the coast. |
Spits | a beach that projects like a finger out into the water. |
Sandbar | long ridges of sand parallel to the coast. |
Barrier | forms when storm waves pile up large amounts of sand above sea level forming a long narrow island parallel to the coast. |
Deflation | process by which wind removes surface material. |
Abrasion | wind-carried sand can polish rock, but cause little erosion. |
Sand Dunes | deposit of wind blown sand. |
Loess | Sediment that is finer than sand and wind-deposited far from its source. |