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ES 02 Elements of ES

Terms associated with common elements of earth/space & classification of matter.

QuestionAnswer
anything that has mass and takes up space matter
quantity of matter (often measured in grams or kilograms) mass
amount of space occupied (often measured in cubic centimeters or liters) volume
the building blocks of matter (about 90 natural) elements
abbreviation for name of an element symbol
scientists think this is how the heavier elements first formed fusion in stars
this organizes the known elements by properties Periodic Table
top 2 elements by mass in the universe hydrogen (#1) and helium (#2)
top 2 elements by mass in the entire earth iron (#1) and oxygen (#2)
top 2 elements by mass in earth's crust oxygen (#1) and silicon (#2)
top 2 elements by mass in the atmosphere nitrogen (#1) and oxygen (#2)
top 2 elements by mass in earth's waters oxygen (#1) and hydrogen (#2)
top 2 elements by mass in the human body oxygen (#1) and carbon (#2)
building block of elements (smallest part that keeps its properties) atom
overall electrical charge of an atom neutral
positively charged, tiny but very heavy center of an atom nucleus
negatively charged, large but almost massless area around nucleus electron cloud
the 3 subatomic particles that make up atoms protons, neutrons, electrons
unit for measuring mass of subatomic particles amu (atomic mass unit)
location of protons in an atom nucleus
location of neutrons in an atom nucleus
location of electrons in an atom orbiting the nucleus
charge of an electron –1
charge of a proton +1
charge of a neutron 0
mass of a proton 1 amu
mass of a neutron 1 amu
mass of an electron 0 amu
which subatomic particle is used to identify an atom? proton
which subatomic particle holds the nucleus together and is responsible for the existence of isotopes? neutron
which subatomic particle is responsible for properties of the atom? electron
what do you use to count the number of protons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. atomic number
how can you determine the number of electrons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. atomic number (or same as number of protons)
Bonus: How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. mass number – atomic number
name for the atomic model that shows electrons moving in specific orbits around the nucleus Bohr Model
name for the paths electrons follow in the Bohr Model energy levels (older name: electron shells)
how many electrons can fit in the 1st (closest) energy level? 2
how many electrons can fit in the 2nd energy level? 8
Bonus: How many electrons can fit in the 3rd energy level? 18 (know where to find this on the periodic table?)
vertical columns on the periodic table that can help tell the number of outer level electrons groups 1 - 18
Bonus: What are electrons in the outermost energy level called? valence electrons
horizontal rows on the periodic table that tell how many energy levels contain electrons periods 1 - 7
state of matter that has definite shape and volume, and closely spaced particles solid
state of matter that has definite volume, takes the shape of its container, and has closely spaced particles liquid
state of matter that has no definite shape or volume, and is easily compressible because its particles are far apart gas
classification of matter that has a constant (set, definite) composition substance
classification of matter that has variable composition mixture
classification of matter made of only one kind of atom element
classification of matter made of 2 or more elements combined in a set ratio compound
describes a mixture that is evenly distributed or mixed (looks like only 1 thing) homogeneous
describes a mixture that is unevenly distributed or mixed (can easily see parts) heterogeneous
Created by: goakley
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