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Volcanoes

TermDefinition
Volcano A rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Lava Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
Magma Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling.
Volcanic Ash Very small solid particles ejected from a volcano during an eruptio
Magama Chamber A large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the surface of the Earth.
Crater The cup-shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the earth or other heavenly body marking the orifice of a volcano.
Vent An opening exposed on the earth's surface where volcanic material is emitted. All volcanoes contain a central vent underlying the summit crater of the volcano.
Pipe A vertical conduit below a volcano through which magma has passed and that has become filled with solidified magma, volcanic breccia, and fragments of older rock.
Lava Flow A stream or sheet of molten or solidified lava.
Ring of Fire The linear zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the Pacific Plate.
Element A chemical substance consisting of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei .
Viscosity A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction, as measured by the force per unit area resisting a flow in which parallel layers unit distance apart have unit speed relative to one another.
Silica A very common mineral composed of silicon and oxygen (SiO2). Silicates make up about 95% of the Earth's crust.
Pahoehoe Basaltic lava having a smooth or billowy surface.
AA There are two major types of basaltic lava flow.
Compound A volcano with more than one feature. They form because of changes in their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area.
Subduction The process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge.
Extinct no longer in existence.
Dormant alive but not actively growing.
Active doing things for an organization, cause, or campaign, rather than simply giving it one's support.
Cindercone Volcano cinder cone. (sĭn'dər) A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent. Cinder cones range in size from tens to hundreds of meters tall. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary.
Sheild Volcano a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.
Composite Volcano A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.
Caldera A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature on large central volcanoes, a special sort of volcanic crater (from one to several kilometers in diameter), formed when a magma chamber was emptied.
Batholith a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.
Lava Plateau A lava plateau is a flat, wide surface (plateau) that is formed when lava comes out of the ground and spreads out very quickly
Sill a shelf or slab of stone, wood, or metal at the foot of a window or doorway.
Dike A dike is an intrusion into an opening cross-cutting fissure, shouldering aside other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock; this implies that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it.
Hotspring a spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity
Geyser a hot spring in which water intermittently boils, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air.
Created by: 1967136308
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