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WRH - Part 1a
Women's Reproductive Health - Reproductive Anatomy, Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the primary sex organs, or gonads, in females? | ovaries |
| What is the function of the gonads in females? | -to produce gametes, ova (oogenesis) -to secrete sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone |
| What are the primary sex organs, or gonads, in males? | testes |
| What is the function of the gonads in males? | -to produce gametes, sperm (spermatogenesis) -to secrete sex hormones, testosterone |
| What is Müllerian inhibitory hormone? | a hormone produced by fetal testis |
| What is the function of Müllerian inhibitory hormone? | causes Müllerian ducts to degenerate |
| What is the SRY gene? | the sex determining region on the Y chromosome |
| What is the function of the SRY gene? | directs undifferentiated gonads to form into testes |
| What is a sertoli cell? | a cell that surrounds developing sperm in the seminiferous tubules |
| What is the function of a sertoli cell? | to provide nourishment to developing sperm |
| What is a Y chromosome? | the smaller of the two types of sex chromosomes |
| What is the function of a Y chromosome? | it contains a gene, SRY, which triggers embryonic development as a male |
| What are sex chromosomes? | types of chromosome that participate in sex determination |
| What is the function of sex chromosomes? | sex determination; XX = female, XY = male |
| What is a primary oocyte? | oogonia (ovary-specific stem cells) that have gone through mitosis and the beginning of meiosis I |
| What is the function of a primary oocyte? | to remain in meiotic arrest within follicles until prepared for ovulation, in which case it develops into a secondary oocyte |
| What is a secondary oocyte? | a primary oocyte that has completed meiosis I up to metaphase II |
| What is the function of a secondary oocyte? | to be released at ovulation, when its follicle breaks up |
| What is an embryo? | the product of fertilization (term used up until 8 weeks) |
| What is the function of an embryo? | to develop into a fetus |
| What are Mullerian ducts? | part of the undifferentiated reproductive system that eventually develops into the oviducts, uterus, cervix and upper vagina in the absence of MIH |
| What are Wolffian ducts? | part of the undifferentiated reproductive system that eventually develops into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles in the presence of testosterone |
| What is Klinefelter's syndrome? | a genetic disorder that affects males; they are born with 47 chromosomes instead of 46 (XXY) |
| What is Turner's syndrome? | a genetic disorder that affects females; they are born with 45 chromosomes instead of 46 (XO) |
| What is genetic sex? | the fundamental distinction based on the type of gametes produced by the individual |
| What was Aristotle's view of human reproductive anatomy? | -men and women are the same species b/c both warm blooded -but, men have more heat b/c their genitals are external -women have insufficient heat to keep genitals warm externally -more heat = superior -women have less natural heat = "lesser man" |
| What was Galen's view of human reproductive anatomy? | -believed male and female reproductive organs are homologous (right to a certain point) -female = cooler/less perfect version of male; a replica -believed this was a wise choice, b/c inside the organs are safe for conception/gestation |
| What were Victorian (19th century) physicians' and scientists' views of human reproductive anatomy? | -believed there were no common qualities between men and women (and their repro. organs) -women = by-products of their repro. system -uterus connected to cns (brain) -overstimulation of cns would cause repro. organs to shrivel and die (in white women) |
| How does spermatogenesis and oogenesis compare in terms of length/when produced? | -spermatogenesis accomplished within 2 months (or 64 days) -oogenesis takes anywhere from age 12 (puberty) to 50 (menopause) to complete on a cyclic basis |
| How does spermatogenesis and oogenesis compare in terms of supply? | -postpubertal male can produce several hundred million sperm each day -female born with limited, largely nonrenewable supply of germ cells |
| How does spermatogenesis and oogenesis compare in terms of yield for primary spermatocyte/oocyte? | -each primary spermatocyte yields 4 equally viable spermatozoa -each primary oocyte yields just 1 cytoplasm-rich ovum and 3 cytoplasm-poor polar bodies that degenerate |
| the male and female anatomy, sex differentiation, oogenesis, spermatogenesis | |
| Summary of mitosis (DNA replication, number of divisions, synapsis of homologs, # of daughter cells and genetic composition, role in the animal body): | -DNA replication occurs during interphase (before mitosis) -1 division -no synapsis of homologs (individual chromosomes line up) -2 daughter cells, each diploid (2n), genetically identical to parent -zygote -> multicellular adult |
| Summary of meiosis (DNA replication, number of divisions, synapsis of homologs, # of daughter cells and genetic composition, role in the animal body): | -DNA replication occurs during interphase (before meiosis I) -2 divisions -synapsis occurs during prophase I -4 daughter cells, each haploid (n), genetically diverse -role is to produce gametes and introduce genetic variability |
Created by:
jessica.gvc
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