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PS.4 & PS.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ion | An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| Isotope | Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element |
| Valence Electron | An electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair. |
| Ionic Bonds | When 2 ions combine to form a compound. |
| Covalent Bonds | When 2 nonmetals share valence electrons. |
| Diatomic Elements | The elements ending with "-gen" including halogens form diatomic molecules. Hydrogen (H2) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Fluorine (F2) Chlorine (Cl2) Iodine (I2) Bromine (Br2) |
| Molecular Compound | A compound with covalent bonds. Same as a covalent compound. |
| Polar Bond | A polar bond is a covalent bond between two nonmetal atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. Therefore one part of molecule is positive while the other one is negative. |
| Nonpolar bonds | A nonpolar bond is a covalent bond between two nonmetal atoms where the electrons forming the bond are equally distributed. Therefore the atom has a zero charge. |
| Organic Compounds | Compounds that contain carbon. |
| Inorganic Compounds | Compounds without carbon. |
| Chemical Formula | The way of expressing atoms in a compound. |
| Chemical Equation | The way of expressing a chemical reaction of two or more compounds. |
| Reactants | a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. |
| Products | The substances that result from this recombination of atoms are called the products of the reaction. |
| Coefficients | A numerical measure of a physical or chemical property that is constant for a system under specified conditions, such as the coefficient of friction. |
| Exothermic Reactions | Exothermic reactions give off heat (product). It gives of heat to its surrounding (the water). The extra heat makes the solution hotter and so the temperature goes off. |
| Acid | Any of a class of compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, and whose aqueous solutions react with bases and certain metals to form salts. |
| Base | Any of a class of compounds that form hydroxyl ions (OH) when dissolved in water, and whose aqueous solutions react with acids to form salts. |
| pH Scale | The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. |
| Endothermic Reactions | Endothermic reactions require heat to proceed. The heat that they use up comes from the solution. Since heat is being used up, the temperature drops. |
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