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General 11
Q bank: Randomly Generated 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient has dementia, what does atrophy of the cortex and frontal lobes tell you versus a patient with diffuse atrophy? | Atrophy of the cortex and frontal lobes is characteristic of Pick disease; diffuse atrophy is associated with alzheimer disease |
| This patient was told not to ingest artificial sweeteners, what is the mode of inheritance of this disorder? | Phenyketonuria is autosomal recessive; shouldn’t ingest aspartame, remember, this is especially important in pregnancy as phenylalanine crosses the placenta and can lead to profound retardation and other birth defects |
| This diuretic is associated with hypercalcemia. | Thiazide |
| Angiosarcoma is a multinodular tumor of the liver associated with exposure to what toxic chemical used in the rubber industry? | Vinyl chloride |
| Fat, carbohydrate, and protein in the duodenum all stimulate the release of this hormone? | GIP; CCK is released in response to fat and protein, but not carbohydrates |
| Mycoplasma pneumonia lack a cell wall and are thus indifferent to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalosporins. What is the treatment of choice? | Erythromycin |
| G5P0 woman suffers from recurrent miscarriages in the first trimester, what is the most likely cause? | t(14,21) Robertsonian translocation; bicornuate uterus can also result in recurrent miscarriages but first trimester is indicative of Robertsonian translocation |
| What innervates the opponens policis? What innervates the adductor policis? | Opponens policis: Median nerve; Adductor policis: Ulnar nerve |
| This portion of the brain is concerned primarily with planning and fine-tuning of movements and balance. Damage will result in truncal ataxia with a wide-based "drunken-sailor" gait. | The cerebellum; cerebellar vermis |
| Absence of deep tendon reflexes, extensor plantar response are commonly found with damage to this area of the brain. | Medulla |
| What are the organisms that patients with splenectomy are at increased risk for? | Encapsulated organisms; Strep pnuemoniae (most common), H influenza, and N. Meningitidis |
| “Blueberry muffin” disease in children infected in-utero, characterized by thrombocytopenic purpura, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and inracerebral calcifications. What organism is responsible? | CMV |
| Child born with PDA, pulmonary stenosis, microcephaly, cataracts, and deafness. What organism is responsible | Rubella |
| Child born with perforated palate, notched teeth, maculopapular bronzing rash, bone deformations, and CNS damage. What organism is responsible? | Syphilis |
| What is the second messenger of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors versus the second messenger of beta-2 adrenergic receptors? | Alpha-1: IP3/DAG; Beta-2: cAMP |
| Rheumatic disease, Grave’s disease, and Myasthenia Gravis are examples of this type of hypersensitivity? | Type II hypersensitivity; SLE is an example of type III hypersensitivity (antigen-antibody complexes) |
| In what type of patients would you expect to see an elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase? | Alcoholics |
| What type of hepatitis is associated with polyarteritis nodosa? | Hepatitis B (and C but not as much as B) |
| This drug decreases TG’s, increases HDL, decreases C-reactive protein, and decreases blood glucose. Used to treat metabolic syndrome. | Thiazolidinediones |
| Trousseau’s syndrome is associated with this underlying condition? | Pancreatic carcinoma; Trousseau’s syndrome is migratory thrombophlebitis (clot formation and dissolution secondary to tumor secretion of platelet aggregating factors), other cancers may also show this presentation |
| In a deficiency caused by deficient purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), what is the substance that accumulates? | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; monosodium urate |
| The HSV type 2 virus is dormant in what ganglia: Dorsal root, sacral, or trigeminal? | Sacral; Dorsal root ganglion is site of dormancy for VZV |
| This type of seizure is characterized by loss of postural muscle tone that only lasts a few seconds. | Atonic seizure |
| What are the tumor suppressor genes associated with the following chromosomes: 3p, 5q, 17p, 17q, 18q? | 3p: VHL; 5q: APC (colon); 17p: p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome); 17q: BRCA-1; 18q: pancreatic cancer |
| This autosomal recessive disorder results in a severe form of hereditary emphysema as well as hepatic dysfunction. | alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; elastase hyperactivity from neutrophils destroys lungs elastin |
| I hate Q bank because they are now insisting that this test, is preferred over India ink when testing for cryptococcus neoformans infection. | Latex particle agglutination |
| This deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder and results in elevated glutamine and urine orotic acid. | Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency; Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency (the second most common) will yield elevated glutamine as well but no rise in urine orotic acid. |
| This cytokine instructs macrophages to become epitheliod and form multinucleated giant cells, which are more apt to engulf and eliminate foreign antigens. | Interferon gamma |
| What would be the treatment for a patient with acute pyelonephritis with bacteremia? | Ampicillin and gentamicin; drugs like erythromycin and tetracycline are bacteriostatic antibiotics and are not recommended in a patient w/ severe infection |
| This deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder and results in elevated glutamine and urine orotic acid. | Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency; Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency (the second most common) will yield elevated glutamine as well but no rise in urine orotic acid. |
| This cytokine instructs macrophages to become epitheliod and form multinucleated giant cells, which are more apt to engulf and eliminate foreign antigens. | Interferon gamma |
| What would be the treatment for a patient with acute pyelonephritis with bacteremia? | Ampicillin and gentamicin; drugs like erythromycin and tetracycline are bacteriostatic antibiotics and are not recommended in a patient w/ severe infection |
| This neurotransmitter is of primary importance for induction of REM sleep. | Acetylcholine |
| 3 days after a viral illness, 3yro develops severe vomiting, irritability, followed by lethargy. PE shows hepatomegaly. What is the syndrome and what cellular structure is functioning abnormally? | Reye syndrome (fatty liver with encephalopathy); abnormality in mitochondria |
| In this disease, atrophy of the anterior horn produces muscle weakness, hypotonia, loss of deep tendon reflexes, absent babinski, and fasciculations. | Werdnig-Hoffman disease |
| In both prerenal azotemia and postrenal obstruction BUN/creatinine ratio will increase, how would you distinguish the two based solely on these two characteristics? | Prerenal: BUN is increased and creatinine is usually near normal; Postrenal: BUN and creatinine are both increased but BUN is increased to a greater degree |
| Autoantibodies to intercellular junctions of epidermal cells results in vesicle and bullae formation and seperation of epidermis upon manual stroking. Diagnosis? | Pemphigus vulgaris; Note that the seperation of epidermis upon manual stroking is Nikolsky's sign and it is also found in Stevens-Johnson syndrome, but that is associated with medication use. |
| What metabolite is frequently found in the urine of patients with carcinoid syndrome? | 5-HIAA; Carcinoid tumors may secrete variety of GI peptides (gastrin, insulin, VIP, glucagon) as well as ACTH and calcitonin, but the major product is 5-HT, that is why the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA is increased |
| This moa-i blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure. | Sibutramine |
| Once preterm delivery becomes apparent, what should be administered to the mother to prevent respiratory distress in the infant? | Glucocorticoids |
| In hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and hereditary endometrial cancer, what is the result of the mutation? | Deficient mismatch repair; typically resulting in microsatellite instability |
| Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TG's from the chylomicron core so that fatty acids may be easily absorbed. Where is lipoprotein lipase located? | External surface of vascular endothelial cells; you might be tempted to put hepatocytes, but they simply collect the chylomicron remnants after lipoprotein lipase absorbs them |
| What are the 3 locations of elastic fibers? | Large arteries, vocal cords, and ligamenta flava (which connects the vertebrae) |
Created by:
rahjohnson
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