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Unit 2 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cleavage | a sharp division; a split |
| crystal | a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces |
| fracture | the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material |
| gem | a precious or semiprecious stone, especially when cut and polished or engraved |
| hardness | the quality or condition of being hard. |
| luster | a gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface. |
| magma | hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| ore | a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. |
| silicate | a salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen, especially one of the anion SiO42−. |
| specific | clearly defined or identified. |
| specific gravity | the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass. For most purposes Newton's laws of gravity apply, with minor modifications to take the general theory of relativity into account. |
| streak | a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings |
| basaltic | a dark gray to black dense to fine-grained igneous rock that consists of basic plagioclase, augite, and usually magnetite. |
| cementation | the binding together of particles or other things by cemen |
| compaction | efers to the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of loading. This forms part of the process of lithification. |
| extrusive | relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits. |
| foliated | consisting of thin sheets or laminae. |
| granitic | A common, coarse-grained, light-colored, hard igneous rock consisting chiefly of quartz, orthoclase or microcline, and mica, used in monuments and for building |
| igneous rock | is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava |
| intrusive | causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited. |
| lava | hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. |
| non foliated | Foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure. |
| rock | the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans. |
| rock cycle | an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion. |
| sediment | matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. |
| sedimentary | (of rock) that has formed from sediment deposited by water or air. |
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