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Periodic table
Vocab for Matter/Elements
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
Mass | the material that matter is made up of |
Volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
Density | how much D = M/V the amount of matter /stuff matter takes up within a specific space |
Atom | Smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
Electron | part of an atom that forms a circle around the nucleus it has a negative charge and it has an attractive force. |
Proton | a positive charged atom inside the nucleus |
Neutron | atom particle with neutral/no charge found inside the nucleus with the protons |
Periodic Table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their physical and chemical properties |
Element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down/ they make up all matter in the universe |
periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each element has for the electrons to move |
Groups or family/columns | Columns that tell how many valence each element has / The number of electrons that can move on the outer shell / energy level. |
Valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom. |
Atomic number | How many protons an element has inside the Nucleus / usually the same # of neutrons and electrons. |
Atomic mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atoms. |
Chemical property | The ability of substances with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules. |
Physical Property | The state of matter and appearance of a substance. |
Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain electrons during binding. |
Covalent bond | When elements share electrons during bonding. |
chemical change/ reaction | Two or more elements combine together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change. |
Compound/ molecule | Two or more elements that combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole new and different substance. |
Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they don't change into a new substance/compound. |
Nobel gasses | All of the elements in group #18- they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell. |
Halogens | All of the elements in group #1- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable. |
Alkali Metals | All of the elements in group #1- they are very reactive because they only have one valence electron. |
Metalloids | Elements between metals and non- metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons. |