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APES Ch. 1 Vocab

Studying the State of our Earth - AP Environmental Science, Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Environment The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life
Environmental science The field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature
System An interacting set of components that influence one another by exchanging energy or materials
Ecosystem A particular location on Earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components
Biotic Living
Abiotic Nonliving
Environmentalist A person who seeks to protect the environment
Environmental studies Field of study that includes environmental science, environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics
Ecosystem services The process by which natural environments provide life-supporting resources
Environmental indicators An indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system
Sustainability Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources
Biodiversity The diversity of life forms in an environment (includes genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity)
Species A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology, behavior, or biochemical properties
Speciation The evolution of a new species
Background extinction rate The average rate at which species become extinct over the long term
Greenhouse gases Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface
Anthropogenic Derived from human species
Development Improvement in human well-being through economic advancement
Scientific method 1. observe and question 2. form a hypothesis 3. collect data 4. interpret results 5. disseminate findings
Hypothesis A testable theory or supposition about how something works
Null hypothesis A statement or idea that can be falsified
Replication The data procedure of taking repeated measurements
Sample size The number of times a measurement is replicated in the data collection process
Accuracy How close a measured value is to the actual or true value
Precision How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another
Uncertainty An estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value
Inductive reasoning Making general statements from specific facts or examples
Deductive reasoning Applying general statements to specific facts or situations
Critical thinking An objective method to explore the natural world; draw inferences from it; and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes
Theory A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance
Natural law A theory for which there is no known exception and that has withstood rigorous testing
Control group In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experiment group, except for the single variable under study
Natural experiment A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem
The five global-scale environmental indicators Biological diversity, food production, average global surface temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, human population, and resource depletion
Created by: emilyjane1221
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