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Cellular Respiration
Question | Answer |
---|---|
(ADP) adenosine diphosphate | molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions |
(ATP) adenosine triphosphate | energy |
aerobic | chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen |
alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeasts |
anaerobic | chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen |
Calvin cycle | series of reactions during the light |
cellular respiration | chemical process where miochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain |
chlorophyll | light |
citric acid cycle | in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain |
electron transport chain | series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released |
glycolysis | in cellular respiration, series of ananerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules |
Krebs cycle | second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is brokeninto carbon dixide in a series of energy extracting reactions |
lactic acid fermentation | series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce |
light | dependent reactions |
light | independent reactions |
NADP+ | electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH |
photolysis | reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light |
photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars |
pigment | molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight |