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Astronomy Unit 2

TermDefinition
Photosphere the luminous visible surface of the sun, being a shallow layer of strongly ionized gases
Chromosphere a gaseous envelope surrounding a star
Corona a white or colored circle or set of concentric circles of light seen around a luminous body, especially around the sun or moon
Solar wind an emanation from the sun's corona consisting of a flow of charged particles, mainly electrons and protons, that interacts with the magnetic field of the earth and other planetary bodies
Sunspot one of the relatively dark patches that appear periodically on the surface of the sun and affect terrestrial magnetism and certain other terrestrial phenomena
Prominence an eruption of a flamelike tongue of relatively cool, high-density gas from the solar chromosphere into the corona where it can be seen during a solar eclipse or by observing strong spectral lines in its emission spectrum
Solar Flare a brief powerful eruption of particles and intense electromagnetic radiation from the sun's surface, associated with sunspots and causing disturbances to radio communication on earth Sometimes shortened to flare
Nuclear fusion a reaction in which two nuclei combine to form a nucleus with the release of energy Sometimes shortened to fusion Compare nuclear fission See also thermonuclear reaction
Constellation any of various groups of stars to which definite names have been given, as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Boötes, Cancer, Orion
Binary Star a system of two stars that revolve about their common center of mass
Light Year a very great distance, especially in development or progress
Apparent Magnitude the magnitude of a star as it appears to an observer on the earth
Absolute Magnitude the magnitude of a star as it would appear to a hypothetical observer at a distance of 10 parsecs or 32.6 light-years
Main Sequence Star any star lying on a diagonal band that extends from hot stars of high luminosity to cool stars of low luminosity
Red Giant a star in an intermediate stage of evolution, characterized by a large volume, low surface temperature, and reddish hue
Supergiant an exceptionally luminous star whose diameter is more than 100 times that of the sun, as Betelgeuse or Antares
Nova the star undergoing such an explosion
Hertzsprung-russell diagram the graph showing the absolute magnitude plotted against the surface temperature for a group of stars.
Protostar an early stage in the evolution of a star, after the beginning of the collapse of the gas cloud from which it is formed, but before sufficient contraction has occurred to permit initiation of nuclear reactions at its core.
Supernova the star undergoing such an explosion
White dwarf a star, approximately the size of the earth, that has undergone gravitational collapse and is in the final stage of evolution for low-mass stars, beginning hot and white and ending cold and dark
Neutron star an extremely dense, compact star composed primarily of neutrons, especially the collapsed core of a supernova
Black hole a theoretical massive object, formed at the beginning of the universe or by the gravitational collapse of a star exploding as a supernova, whose gravitational field is so intense that no electromagnetic radiation can escape.
Galaxy a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space
Big Bang Theory a theory that deduces a cataclysmic birth of the universe (big bang) from the observed expansion of the universe, cosmic background radiation, abundance of the elements, and the laws of physics
Created by: 31006300
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