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Mod 4 Ch 29
Ch 29 Respiratory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| upper respiratory tract | nose, paranasal sinuses, sinus, pharynx |
| pharynx | connects nose, mouth, and throat |
| lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
| larynx | voice box |
| epiglottis | closes larynx during swallowing |
| trachea | -windpipe -passageway through which air reaches the lungs |
| bronchi | -2 main branches from trachea -left and right |
| bronchioles | -branches from main bronchi -distributes air to alveoli |
| alveoli | -balloon-like structures that inflate and deflate during ventilation -exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs here |
| ventilation | one breath in and out |
| inspiration | inhalation |
| expiration | exhalation |
| lungs | -2 sides -right has 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) -left has 2 lobes (superior and inferior) |
| right side of lung | 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) |
| left side of lung | 2 lobes (superior and inferior) |
| mediastinum | -separates lungs -space that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels |
| asthma | -chronic inflammatory disease of bronchi -s/s-difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, tightness in chest, may cause allergic reaction -tx-bronchodilators |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | -COPD -consists of bronchitis and emphysema -s/s-sob, persistent cough, increased # of infections -tx-stop doing things that make it worse (smoking), bronchodilators, O2 -chest x-ray / ct scan |
| Bronchitis | -inflammation of bronchial passages -s/s-hacking cough, white / green phlegm (24-48 hours after cough starts), tightness in chest, SOB -tx-rest, fluids, stop smoking, use inhaler / nebulizer, oral steroids |
| Emphysema | -long-term progressive disease of lungs. -attacks structures of alveoli -smoking is major cause -s/s-sob, cyanosis in lips and nail beds, tachycardia -tx-stop smoking, bronchodilators, oral steroids, O2 |
| Hay Fever | -seasonal allergic rhinitis -allergy causes nasal passage to be inflamed and irritated -s/s-sneezing, congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes -tx-antihistamines (to prevent mucous membranes from getting inflamed) |
| Legionnaire's Disease | -type of lung infection caused by breathing in H2O mist contaminated with bacterium (showers, hot tubs, air conditioners) -s/s-2-14 days after exposure, fever, sweating, headache, cough, sob, muscle pain -tx-fluids, antibiotics, electrolytes |
| Lung Cancer | -affects lung tissue -leading cause of CA deaths in US -smoking is primary factor -s/s-asymptomatic, cough, hemoptysis, sob, wheezing, angina, fatigue -tx-surgery, chemo, raditation |
| Pertussis | -whooping cough -bacterial infection of upper respiratory tract -caused by bacteria -s/s-cough, fever, "whooping" sound, vomit while coughing -tx-antibiotics, O2, sedatives |
| Pleurisy | -inflammation of the membrane that surrounds / protects the lungs -caused by respiratory infections such as Tb and pneumonia -s/s-angina, coughing / sneezing are unbearable due to pain -tx-anti inflammatory drugs, analgesics, cough supp, codeine |
| pneumonia | -inflammation of lungs caused by bacteria, fungi, or chemical irritants -pneumococcus is most common -s/s-cough w sputum, fever, chills, angina, muscle aches -tx-O2, and respiratory therapy |
| Pulmonary Embolism | -PE -blood clot in lungs -s/s-angina, sob, tachypnea, tachycardia, dry cough -tx-thrombolytics, O2, anticoagulants |
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | -SARS -HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS -virus can remain alive for up to 6 hours on surface -usually occurs during winter -s/s-2-10 days for symptoms, fever 100.4, chils, h/a, muscle aches -tx-antibiotics and steroids to decrease lung inflammation |
| Tuberculosis | -Tb -contagious disease caused by Myobacterium Tb -spreads through inhaled droplets from infected person -s/s- hemoptysis, night sweats, cough, fatigue, chills, weakness, anorexia -tx-takes 9-12 months to destroy bacteria thru series of abx therapies |
Created by:
vanstellee
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