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ES EMAP Chapter 2

Earth Materials and Processes - Ch2 Rocks - Difficult

TermDefinition
Contact Metamorphism Rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma. Usually results in nonfoliated texture.
Regional Metamorphism Rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by pressure and heat, over a wide geographical area due to mountain building. Usually results in foliated texture.
Rock A mixture of solid minerals or mineraloids.
Mineraloid A mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate definite crystalline structure and/or chemical composition.
Rock Cycle The transition of rocks between rock types over geologic time as a result of melting and cooling, heat and pressure, or compaction and cementation of sediments.
Igneous Rock Rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of molten rock (lava or magma).
Lava Molten (liquid) rock at earth's surface.
Magma Molten (liquid) rock below earth's surface.
Intrusive Igneous rocks formed from solidification of magma below ground.
Extrusive Igneous rocks formed from solidification of lava above ground.
Mafic (Basaltic) Compositional group of igneous rocks; darker in color, 45-55% silicate and the balance heavy metals. Tends to form thin magmas.
Felsic (Granitic or Rhyolitic) Compositional group of igneous rocks; lighter in color, >65% silicate and the balance heavy metals. Tends to form thick magmas.
Metamorphic Rock Rocks that have been changed due to the application of heat, pressure and/or hydrothermal solutions.
Foliated Containing flattened grains or crystals in parallel layers.
Nonfoliated Containing no flattened grains or crystals in parallel layers.
Sediments Loose materials such as bits of rocks, mineral grains, bits of shell or other mineraloids; including particles in solution.
Sedimentary Rock Rock formed as a result of sediments being deposited, compacted, and cemented together.
Cementation The process through which quartz, calcite, hematite, and limestone are deposited between existing mineral grains resulting in their bonding together to form a rock.
Detritus / clasts Particulate matter that forms sediment. It is categorized according to its size.
Phaneritic Crystals visible to the naked eye. Large crystals, formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath earth's surface.
Aphanitic Literally means "no crystals". It is commonly accepted that aphanitic rocks have very small to microscopic crystals present.
porphyritic relating to or denoting a rock texture, typically found in volcanic rocks, containing distinct crystals or crystalline particles embedded in a fine-grained groundmass
Ultramafic Compositional group of igneous rocks; darker in color, <45% silicate and the balance heavy metals. Tends to form very thin magmas.
Intermediate (Andesitic) Compositional group of igneous rocks; somewhat darker in color, 55-65% silicate and the balance heavy metals.
Created by: MrGross
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