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A&P Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three types of inorganic molecules that are important for life? | Water, salts, and acids and bases |
| What are the four types of organic molecules that are important for life? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Why is water called a “polar” molecule? | Water is a polar molecule because it has a slight positive charge in the area of the hydrogen atoms and a slight negative charge in the area of the oxygen atom. |
| What are the 3 properties of water that make it so necessary for life? | ⢠Universal solvent ⢠Ideal transport medium ⢠Water is used for lubrication |
| How is an ion different from an atom? | Atoms are neutral. An ion is an electrically charged particle produced by either removing electrons from a neutral atom to yield a positive ion or adding electrons to a neutral atom to yield a negative ion. |
| What is an electrolyte? | substances that have the ability to transmit an electrical charge. |
| What are some examples of electrolytes? | Sodium, potassium, and calcium are examples of electrolytes. |
| Which type of compound is known as a proton donor? Is it an acid or base? | An acid is known as a proton donor. |
| Is a solution with a pH of 8.5 acidic or basic? | A solution with a pH of 8.5 is basic. |
| How does a weak acid act as a buffer? | A weak acid acts as a buffer because it helps the cell maintain a neutral pH. |
| What three elements are found in all carbohydrates? | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| What is the name of a simple sugar? Pentose vs hexose? | The name of a simple sugar is called monosaccharide. Pentose is a sugar with five carbons. Hexose is a sugar with six carbon atoms. |
| What process joins multiple simple sugars? | Dehydration synthesis |
| What is another name for a complex, multiunit carbohydrate? | Polysaccharide |
| What three elements are found in all lipids? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Which atoms make up the backbone of all lipid molecules? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Which lipids are polar: a)neutral fats or b) phospholipids? | phospholipids |
| What is the function of lipids in the body? | Lipids are used in the body for energy and are stored in fat for future energy needs. |
| What are the building blocks for proteins? | The building blocks for proteins are amino acids. |
| What is the name of the bond holding two amino acids together? | A peptide. |
| What is a peptide? | A peptide is a molecule consisting of two or more amino acids in which the carboxyl group of one acid is linked to the amino group of the other. |
| What is a polypeptide? | A polypeptide is a chain of 10 or more amino acids linked together. |
| How does an enzyme work? | Enzymes speed up or catalyze chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered. |
| How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleic acid? | Nucleic acids are the largest molecules in the body. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. |
| What three parts compose a nucleotide? | Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, plus a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar, plus a phosphate group. |
| How many nitrogenous bases are there? | There are five nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U), and thymine (T). |
| How does an ATP molecule differ from a nucleotide? | ATP is an RNA nucleotide containing the nitrogen base adenine with two additional phosphate groups attached. |
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avilla
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