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integumentary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the dermis | a strong, flexible, connective tissue layer. its thick with 2 layers. |
| what gland is the disorder acne associated with? | the sebaceous gland |
| What are the major reigons of the hair shaft? | the cortex, cuticle, and medulla. |
| what condition is inherited that affects the heme pathway, leaves skin scared, gums degenerated and may have lead to the folklore about vampires? | porphyria |
| what muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps? | arrector pili muscle |
| what is sepsis? | harmful bacteria infection that is fatal for burn patients. |
| if a splinter penetrated the skin into the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged? | stratum granulosum |
| what are Langerhans | a specialized eukaryotic cell that help immune response |
| what is xertosis? | excessive dry skin |
| what is the name of the cutaneous receptors specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? | meissner's corpuscles |
| what is keratin | a protein that is the primary component of skin |
| what is keratinocytes? | they produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties. |
| what is vitamin d | must be activated in the skin in order to have calcium metabolism |
| what are melanocytes | they are spidery shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale |
| what are suderiferous glands | they produce sweat and serve in thermoregulation to cool the body down |
| what is the stratum germinativum (basale) | the deepest layer of the dermis, functions in rapid mitosis |
| what is the dermal papilla | at the surface: nourishes hair follicles |
| why does hair appear the way it does? | kinky hair has flat, ribbon like hair shafts |
| what is the function of the root hair plexus | to allow hair to assist in touch sensation |
| what is vernix caeosa | a white material produced by fetal sebaceous glands |
| what is the stratum corneum | many layers of dead cells, protect against abrasions |
| what are vellus hairs? | fine short hairs that lack pigment. called immature hair |
| what is erythema | redness that indicates fever, inflammation, and sunburn |
| what gland is a modified sudorferous gland that secretes wax? | ceruminous gland |
| how do nutrients reach the surface of the skin ? | through diffusion from blood vessels of dermis |
| why does the hyodermis act as a shock absorber? | the major part of its make-up is adipose |
| what are the functions of the integument | to protect, synthesize, regulate temperature, prevent water loss and sensory reception |
| which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and replacement? | stratum germinativium |
| what type of cell found in the integumentary system arise from bone marrow, migrate to the epidermis and ultimately serve the immune function> | Langerhans cells |
| what protects us against excessive water loss through the skin ? | lamellated granules |
| what types of cells are found in the dermis? | mast cells, macropahges, and fibroblasts |
| why are keratinocytes the most important of the epidermal cells? | they help to protect. produce keratin |
| what is the name of the structures on the superior surface of the dermis | dermal papillae |
| what is the role of keratinocytes | fibrous protein that helps the dermis protect against UV and produce keratin |
| what is the role of melanocytes | make melanin, help with UV protection and synthesize vitamin d |
| which layer of the dermis constitutes 80% and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin | reticular layer |
| how might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and or torn? | visible silvery white scars |
| what types of changes in the skin would you see for someone suffering from Addison's disease | the skin would look bronzed or metallic |
| what is the most important factor influencing hair growth | nutrition and hormones |
| what is the composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands | 99% of water, NaCl, trace of amounts of wastes, lactic acid and vitamin c |
| describe what fingernails actually are | modification of the epidermis |
| what are the two types of sweat glands | eccrine and apocrine |
| where would we find the apocrine glands in the bod? when do they begin to function? | in the axillary and anogenital areas. puberty is when they start to function. |
| what stimulates the sebaceous glands to secrete sebum ? | hormones, especially androgens |
| what is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn? | dehydration |
| how would a physician estimate the volume of fluids lost in a severely burned patient? | the rules of 9 |
| in addition to being a physical and chemical barrier of protection, what are the other functions that the skin serves? | converts epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin d prescursor necessary in calcium metabolism |
| the design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce specific patter known as handprints, footprints, and finger prints. what other information is true about prints and ridges | genetically determined: unique to each person |
| what part of the skin is responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis? | adipose |
| what part of the skin pulls the hair follicle into an upright position? | arrector pili muscle |
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