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Astronomy Part 2

TermDefinition
Photosphere a sphere of light or radiance
Chromospere a scarlet, gaseous envelope surrounding the sun outside the photosphere, from which enormous quantities of hydrogen and other gases are erupted
Corona a white or colored circle or set of concentric circles of light seen around a luminous body, especially around the sun or moon
Solar Wind an emanation from the sun's corona consisting of a flow of charged particles, mainly electrons and protons, that interacts with the magnetic field of the earth and other planetary bodies
Sunspot one of the relatively dark patches that appear periodically on the surface of the sun and affect terrestrial magnetism and certain other terrestrial phenomena
Prominence an eruption of a flamelike tongue of relatively cool, high-density gas from the solar chromosphere into the corona where it can be seen during a solar eclipse or by observing strong spectral lines in its emission spectrum
Solar Flare to burn with an unsteady, swaying flame, as a torch or candle in the wind
Aurora a radiant emission from the upper atmosphere that occurs sporadically over the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres in the form of luminous bands
Nuclear Fusion a thermonuclear reaction in which nuclei of light atoms join to form nuclei of heavier atoms, as the combination of deuterium atoms to form helium atoms
Constellation any of various groups of stars to which definite names have been given, as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Boötes, Cancer, Orion
Binary Star a system of two stars that revolve about their common center of mass
Light-Year the distance traversed by light in one mean solar year
Apparant Magnitude the magnitude of a star as it appears to an observer on the earth
Absolute Magnitude the magnitude of a star as it would appear to a hypothetical observer at a distance
Main-Sequence Star any star lying on a diagonal band that extends from hot stars of high luminosity to cool stars of low luminosity
Red Giant a star in an intermediate stage of evolution, characterized by a large volume, low surface temperature, and reddish hue
Supergiant an exceptionally luminous star whose diameter is more than 100 times that of the sun, as Betelgeuse or Antares
Cepheid Variable a variable star in which changes in brightness are due to alternate contractions and expansions in volume
Nova a star that suddenly becomes thousands of times brighter and then gradually fades to its original intensity
Nebulae a cloud of interstellar gas and dust
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram the graph showing the absolute magnitude plotted against the surface temperature for a group of stars
Protostar an early stage in the evolution of a star
Supernova the explosion of a star
White Dwarf a star that has undergone gravitational collapse and is in the final stage of evolution for low-mass stars
Neutron Star an extremely dense, compact star composed primarily of neutrons, especially the collapsed core of a supernova
Pulsar one of several hundred known celestial objects that emit pulses of radiation
Black Hole a theoretical massive object whose gravitational field is so intense that no electromagnetic radiation can escape
Galaxy a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space
Hubble's Law the law that the velocity of recession of distant galaxies from our own is proportional to their distance from us
Big Bang Theory a theory that deduces a cataclysmic birth of the universe (big bang) from the observed expansion of the universe, cosmic background radiation, abundance of the elements, and the laws of physics
Created by: 3161979
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