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Astronomy part 2

TermDefinition
photosphere luminous visble surface of sun, shallow layer of strong ionized gases
chromosphere gaseous envelope surrounding a star (on the sun: outside of photosphere)
corona faintly luminous envelope outside of sun's chromosphere, inner part made of highly ionized elements
solar wind emanation from sun's corona, flow of charged particles, interacts with magnetic field of earth and other planetry bodies
sunspot dark patch appears periodically on the surface of the sun, affects terrestrial magnetism and other phenomena
prominence flamelike eruption of relatively cool, high-density gas from sun's chromosphere into corona
solar flare sudden burst or flame
aurora radiant emission from upper atmosphere happens sporadically over middle and high of both hemispheres looks like limunous bands
nuclear fusion reaction in the nucleaus of light atoms formed to make a heavier atom
constellation any group of stars to which a name has been given
binary star two stars that revolve about their common center of mass
light year unit of astronomical distance equivalent to distance that light travels in 1 year
apparent magnitude how an observor on earth sees the magnitude of a star
absolute magnitude how a hypothetical observer would view the magnitude of a star (viewer is light years away)
main sequence star stary laying on a diagonal band that extends from hot stars to cool stars
red giant star in intermediate stage of evolution, large volume, low surface temperature, reddish hue
supergiant star whose diameter is more than 100 times the size of the sun's, extremely bright
cepheid variable variable star, changes in brightness are due to alternate contractions and volume changes
nova a star that suddenly becomes 100 times brighter and then fades back to its original intensity
nebulae a cloud on intersellar gas and dust
hertzsprung russell diagram graph showing absolute magnitude plotted against surface temperature for stars
protostar early stage in evolution of star
supernova explosion of star
white dwarf star about the size of earth, has underagone gravitational collapse and is in final stage of evolution for low mass stars
neutron star extremely dense compact star, primarly made of neutrons
pulsar one of several hundred celestial bodies, rapidly rotating neutron stars, emit pulses of radiation,
black hole theoretical massive object at beginning of universe
galaxy system of stars held together by mutual gravitation, isolated from similar systems
hubble's law velocity of recession of distant galaxies from our own is proportional to their distance from us
big bang theory a theory that deduces a cataclysmic birth of the universe
Created by: 3083291
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