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History 9
From A Beka Academy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Middle Ages | the period after the collapse of the Roman Empire; characterized by a distortion of Christianity |
A.D. 500 to 1500 | The time period known as the Middle Ages |
Paul | the apostle who had not been one of the original disciples,and to whom Christ made a special appearance |
apostles | the twelve men who had firsthand knowledge of Jesus and whom God sent out to preach the gospel |
Old Testament | the portion of Scripture which foretold Christ's coming and which Jesus used with reverence |
New Testament | the portion of Scripture which records Christ's first coming, life, ministry, death, and resurrection; written by apostles or men close to the apostles under divine inspiration; consists of the permanent record of the gospel and admonitions to the church |
A.D. 100 | the approximate year the New Testament was completed |
koine | the most common form of the Greek language; used for writing the New Testament |
church | an assembly or body of people |
Gentiles | non-Jews |
Judaism | the religion of the Jews |
Jerusalem | the city in which church leaders met to discuss the problem of Gentile believers and Jewish law; location of the first Christian church |
Church leaders came to an agreement that Gentile believers did not have to practice all the Jewish laws of the Old Testament. | What was the decision of the church leaders in Jerusalem concerning Jewish law and Gentile believers? |
deacon | name for a church leader which comes from the Greek word for "servant" |
bishop | name for a church leader which comes from the Greek term meaning "overseer" or "superintendent" |
elder | name for a church leader which comes from the Greek word which is also the source for the word priest |
Christ | the true Head of the Church, according to the Bible |
apostolic authority | the term which refers to the special leaders, authorized to speak and act in Jesus' name, appointed by Christ Himself |
Diotrephes | the church leader who loved to "have preeminence" and who put himself above God's Word |
catholic | the term which means "universal" or "one"; can be used to describe the great "invisible" church of all believers |
Church of Rome | the first single, visible, large, organized church for all Christians; soon led to dominance of one local church over the other and distortion of Christianity |
Irenaeus | the church leader in Gaul who said that every church must agree with the Church of Rome |
apostolic succession | the idea which maintains that men like Peter and Paul handed down their power and authority from one generation of bishops to the next |
Petrine theory | the belief that Christ made Peter the head of the Catholic church and that Peter passed this power to the first bishop of Rome, whom he appointed |
Roman Catholic Church | the church founded on the belief that the bishop of the Church of Rome is supreme over all churches |
pope | the bishop of the Church of Rome |
Marsilius of Purda | the man who would not blindly accept the teachings of the Roman church, but instead knew that all beliefs must be measured against the absolute truth of God's Word |
Defender of the Peace | the famous work of Marsilius in which he rejected unscriptural Roman doctrines with Biblical reasoning and logic |
1) Arius 2) Arianism | 1) a church leader in Egypt 2) the belief that Jesus was not God, but rather had been created by God the Father |
Counsel of Nicaea | the counsel, presided at by Constantine, that affirmed Christ's divinity in A.D. 325 |
Nicene Creed | a statement of belief affirming Christ's divinity |
Leo I "the Great" | the pope who went out to meet Attila the Hun from Asia to persuade the invaders not to attack Rome |
Gelasius | the pope who said that, in matters relating to God, leaders of the church are supreme over all human rulers |
mass | a Roman Catholic service |
sacrament | term for "a sacred act" |
Eucharist | term for the Lord's Supper, from the Greek words for thanks, favor, and grace |
excommunication | being cut off from communication with the human rulers of the church and, therefore, being denied the sacraments; seemed to mean nothing less than loss of salvation |
Christendom | the portion of the world in which Christianity prevails |