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V-2.01 DigRaster-Img
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Graphics | anything on a page that is not actual text, from simple line drawings to fully active images on the World Wide Web. The two major categories of graphic images are raster and vector |
| Color Depth | refers to the number of colors per pixel that can be displayed in an image and affects image quality and file size |
| Compression | Refers to the mathematical algorithm used when an image is saved in order to reduce the file size. The greater the compression, the lower the quality of the image |
| Lossless | No data is lost during compression |
| Lossy | Some data is lost during compression |
| Portabilit | Ease at which files are opened, modified, and viewed on computer using different operating systems, software, and browers |
| Transparency | The background of an image is "see-through" so that the graphic can blend into the background without having a white box around it |
| Inches (in) | the standard unit of measurement for US standard size papers that can work well for print. A "letter" size piece of paper measures 8.5"x11", which is the most common size used in printers, for resumes, and other common desktop publishing documents |
| Pixels (px) | The most common unit of measurement used for computer screen display. A pixel generally represents one dot that is illuminated on a computer screen, many of which make up images, Pixels lack flexibility as screen size changes |
| Points (pt) | The standard unit of measure for typefaces, with 01 point representing 1/72 of an inch. 12 point font is generally accepted font size for paragraph text in print |
| Picas | a unit of measurement for lines of type with one pica equal to 1/6 of an inch. Therefore, there are six picas in one inch. Picas are often used in print design, as they are more easily divisible than inches, such as with the Rule of Thirds |
| Resolution | The amount of detail stored for an image. The higher the Resolution, the higher the level of detail in the image |
| PPI (pixels per inch) | The number of pixels in one inch. More pixels per inch means better image quality but larger file size |
| On-screen resolution | Monitors can display an image at a resolution of 72 ppi |
| Print resolution | Documents that are being sent for print should be 300 PPI to resume image quality |
| DPI (dots per inch) | The number of dots of ink or toner per inch on a printed image. The lower the DPI the less detailed the image |
| Color Mode | A mathematical model that describes the way colors can be represented as number or percentages, typically with three or four values |
| RBG (red, green, blue) | Assigns an intensity value to each pixel that ranges from 0 to 255 for each of the red, green, and blue components in an image. If all RGB are 1=black. If all RGB colors are 255=white. RGB color is better used in screen display |
| CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) | Assigns a percentage value for each of the process inks. If all of the percentages are set to 0, the result will be white. An image should be converted to CMYK color mode before pint |
| Raster Graphics | Also called bitmaps, are images composed of grids of pixels that have a fixed resolution and cant be re-sized w/o losing quality. |
| Raster Commonly used for : Digital Photograph | Modifying or adding effects to images, such as filters or blurs. Effective for web design or images for print mediums, such as magazines |
| Advantages of Raster | Handle small details, such as those in photographs, fairy well. Handle modifications and effects well |
| Disadvantages of Raster: Resolution dependent | The quality of the image is determined by the number of pixels in the image, which cannot be resized without affecting image quality. File size can become very lare |
| Native File Formats | Editable file formats that are proprietary to a specific program that generally lacks portability and is not meant to be used with other software |
| Standard File Formats | File formats that can be used with a variety of software programs. Standard file formats are usually created by using the "save as" command or through exporting. Standard file formats induce, but are not limited to .gif, .jpg, .pgn, .tiff |
| PSD- Photoshop Document | Native file format for Adobe Photoshop. Supports layers, transparency, text, and effects. Large file size. The industry standard for raster graphic creation and editing |
| GIF- Graphic Interchange Format | Standard Format on web for animation. Supports transparency. Uses lossless compression. Supports 256 colors. Commonly used for: Clip art, animations, icons, logos. simple diagrams, line drawings graphics with large blocks of a single color. |
| JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group | Does not support animation. Does not support transparency. Uses lossy compression. Supports 16 million colors. High quality. Commonly used for desktop publishing images, photographs and natural artwork, scanned images, emailing photographs |
| PNG - Portable Network Graphic | Support transparency. Uses lossless compression. Supports several different color depths including 256 colors and 16 million colors. Commonly used for Replacing GIF and TIFF images, online viewing of images |
| TIFF- Tagged Image File Format | Doesn't support animation or transparency. Available in compressed (lossless) and uncompressed formats. Supports up 16 million such as scanners, high resolution printing. Desktop publishing images, storage container for faxes and other digital images |
| PDF- Portable Document Format | Open standard, platform independent format that embeds fonts, images, layouts, and graphics. Allows choice of lossy and lossless compression. Supports 16 million colors. Viewable w/ Acrobat Reader |
| Aspect Ratio | Relationship of an object's width to its height. Maintaining aspect ratio while modifying an objects size ensures the object is not distorted |
| Cropping | Removing a part of an image. The original image retains the same file size. The cropped image can be saved as new object |
| Layering | Compiling multiple pictures or object together into one image. Layers can be turned on or off. Elements can be colored, layered, and resized individually. |
| Selections | Identify a specific area of a layer or image that allows you to move or apply techniques to only that specific area on that specific layer |
| Transparency | Removing the background color of a raster image making it "see-through" in order to allow the image to blend in with its background |
| Transforming | A changing a graphics size or dimension through commands such as scaling and rotating |
| Scaling | Enlarging or shrinking a graphic |
| Rotating | Pivoting an object around its center point |
| Layer Styles | One or more effects applied to a layer or layer group. Effects include shadows, stroke, glows. bevels and overlays |
| Layer masks | A non-destructive method which allows you to apply transparency to a specific portion of a layer with precise control |
| Fill | Putting a color, gradient, pattern, or texture into an object or area |
| Gradient | Filling an object with a smooth transition from one color to another |
| Adjustment Layers | Non-destructive layers that can be added to allow you to apply image tonal and color adjustments |
| Filters | Used to apply special effects or unique transformation to an image |
| Clone Stamp | Samples and area of an image and then allows you to paint over another area of the image with the sampled area |
| Blend Modes | Change the way layers interact by determining how a layer will blend with the layers below it |
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