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Lng of Med Ch 2
Body Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
anabolism | process of building up complex materials from simple materials |
catabolism | process of breaking down complex materials to form simpler substances and release energy |
cell membrane | structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell |
chromosomes | rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 in each cell except eggs and sperm which have 23 |
cytoplasm | all material that is outside the nucleus but contained in the cell membrane. |
DNA | chemical found within each chromosome. |
endoplasmic reticulum | structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. |
genes | regions of DNA within each chrosome |
karyotype | picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. they are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure. |
metabolism | the total chemical processes in a cell. It includes both anabolism and catabolism |
mitochondria | structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy |
nucleus | control center of the cell. contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell |
adipose tissue | collection of fat cells |
cartilage | flexible connective tissue attached to bones at the joint. |
epithelial cells | skin cells that cover the external body surface and lines the surface of organs |
histologist | specialist in the study of tissues |
larynx | voice box, located in the upper part of the trachea |
pharynx | throat. passageway for food and air |
pituitary gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
trachea | "windpipe" |
ureter | one of two tubes, each leading from a kidney to the urinary bladder |
urethra | tube from bladder to the outside of the body. |
uterus | the womb |
viscera | internal organs |
abdominal cavity | space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen |
cranial cavity | space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull |
diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
dorsal | pertaining to the back |
mediastinum | centrally located space between the lungs |
pelvic cavity | space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. It's composed of the hip bones. |
peritoneum | double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs |
pleura | double-layered membrane surrounding each lung |
pleural cavity | space between the pleural membranes surrounding each lungs |
spinal cavity | space within the spinal column. also called the spinal canal |
thoracic cavity | space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs |
ventral | pertaining to the front |
hypochondriac | upper right and left regions beneath the ribs |
epigastric | upper middle region near the stomach |
lumbar | middle right and left regions near the waist |
umbilical | central region near the navel |
inguinal | lower right and left regions near the groin. also called the iliac regions |
hypogastric | lower middle region below the umbilical region |
cervical | neck region |
thoracic | chect region |
lumbar | loin (waist) region |
sacral | (region of the sacrum) |
coccygeal | region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
vertebra | a single backbone |
vertebrae | backbones |
spinal column | bone tissue within the spinal cavity |
spinal cord | nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
disk | a pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
deep | away from the surface |
distal | far from the point of attachment to the trunk, far from the beginning of a structure |
inferior | below |
lateral | pertaining to the side |
medial | p2 the middle |
prone | lying facedown |
proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk. Near the beginning |
sagittal | lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body into right and left |
superficial | on the surface |
supine | lying face up |
transverse | cross sectional |