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Cell Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define cell. | Basic unit of all living matter and essential for life. |
| Cells are made of ________________. | Protoplasm |
| The components of protoplasm are? | Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, water, and mineral salts |
| What organic compounds make up the cell? | Carbohydrates, Lipids (fats), Nucleic acid, proteins |
| Protoplasm has how much water in it? | 80 to 85% |
| How much protein is in a cell? | 15% |
| In human beings, how many genes are contained in all 46 chromosomes? | Approximately 30,000 |
| The nucleolus contains this. | Ribonucleic acid |
| Where in the human cell does protein synthesis occur? | Ribosomes |
| Interphase consists of which phases? | G1, S, and G2 |
| Carbohydrates may also be referred to as? | Saccharides |
| Human cells contain which 4 major organic compounds? | Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins |
| What process involves reduction cell division? | Meiosis |
| What cellular organnelles function as cellular garbage disposals? | Lysosomes |
| What type of membrane describes the nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from other parts of the cell? | Double-walled membrane |
| Lipids are also referred to as? | Fats |
| The primary energy source for the cell is? | Glucose |
| Cytosine bonds only with what nitrogenous organic base? | Guanine |
| What statement is not true? | The Golgi apparatus, or complex, is the powerhouse of the cell. |
| When ionizing radiation is used to destroy malignant cells, healthy tissue is spared. In radiation therapy, this concept is referred to as? | Therapeutic ratio |
| Twenty-two different ___________________ are involved in protein synthesis. | Amino acids |
| The process of locating and identifying the genes in the human genome is called: | Mapping |
| Meiosis is the process of? | Reduction cell division |
| Water performs which functions in the human body? | Maintains core temp of 37 degrees C, regulates concentration of dissolved substances, and lubricates skeletal articulations. |
| What substance is of primary importance in maintaining adequate amounts of intracellular fluid? | Potassium |
| The S phase of mitosis is the? | Actual DNA synthesis period |
| When a cell divides, the genetic-containing material contracts into tiny rod-shaped bodies called? | Chromosomes |
| Nitrogenous base pairs form the? | Steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladder-like structure |
| The large, double-membrane, oval, or bean-shaped structures that function as the powerhouses of the cell are called? | Mitochondria |
| When somatic cells divide, they undergo? | Mitosis |
| During which subphase can radiation-induced chromosomal damage be evaluated? | Metaphase |
| Approximately how many genes are contained in all 46 human chromosomes? | Approximately 30,000 |
| What is formed from a nitrogen-containing organic base, a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule? | A nucleotide |
| What serves as a prototype for mRNA? | DNA |
| The protoplasm outside the cell's nucleus is called what? | Cytoplasm |
| Define cell membrane. | Frail, semipermeable structure encasing and surrounding the human cell. |
| Define cytoplasm. | Protoplasm that exists outside the cell's nucleus. |
| Define endoplasmic reticulum. | Vast irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm. Enables cell to communicate with extracellular environment and transfer food and molecules from one part of cell to another. |
| What is mitosis? | Process where parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. |
| What are the 4 subphases of mitosis? | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase |
| How many base pairs are there in the human genome? | 2.9 x 10 to the 9 |
| Radiation-induced chromosome damage may be evaluated during which of the following processes? | Metaphase |
| Which human cell produces antibodies? | Lymphocytes |
| Somatic cells divide through the process of? | Mitosis |
| Chromosomes appear during _________. | Prophase |
| During __________, the number of chromosomes double. | Prophase |
| The separation of each chromosome pair into its respective chromatids occurs during ________. | Anaphase |
| DNA is composed of _________, ___________, ____________ and ____________. | Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine |
| Which DNA components are Purines? | Adenine and Guanine |
| Which DNA components are Pyrimidines? | Thymine and Cytosine |
| Which components are double-bonded? | Adenine and Thymine |
| Which components are triple-bonded? | Guanine and Cytosine |
| RNA differs from DNA in having _______ as one of its pyrimidines. |
Created by:
rad1958tech