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Chapter 2-3 Science

6th Grade Study Cards

TermDefinition
Effect: Dispersal of species Causes: 1. Continental Drift 2. Wind 3. Water 4. Living things including humans
Biogeography The study of where things live
Continental drift has had a great impact on the distribution of species. Australia--millions of years ago this island drifted away from other land masses. Organisms from other parts of the world could not reach the island. Kangaroos & koalas flourished. How has the movement of the continents affected the distribution of species?
Continental Drift Study p. 55 The very slow motion of the continents. It has had a great impact on the distribution of species.
Pangaea Study p. 55 About 225 million years ago all of today's continents were part of one large landmass now called ______.
1.--is very slow, about 1 to 10 centimeters per year. 1. The rate at which the plates move apart -- is the same as the rate of Earth's rotation. --is very slow, about 1 to 10 centimeters per year. --is fast, about 10 to 100 kilometers per year. --cannot be determined.
2. -Pangaea 2. About 225 million years ago, the continents were joined together in the supercontinent called -Eurasia. -Gondwanaland. -Laurasia. -Pangaea
3.-India 3. As the continents have moved apart over the last 225 million years, which landmass has drifted the most? Africa Antarctica India South America
dispersal The movement of organisms from one place to another
wind Plants and small organisms need assistance to move from place to place. _____ can disperse seeds, the spores of fungi, tiny spiders, and other small, light organisms.
Water _________ transports objects that float, such as coconuts and leaves. Small animals may get a free ride to a new home on top of these floating rafts.
Other living things Organisms may also be dispersed by other living things. Ex: A bird may eat berries in one area and deposit the seeds elsewhere it its wastes.
Humans ___________ are also important to the dispersal of organisms. As people move around the world, they take organisms with them. Ex: Corn and tomatoes were taken back home by European explorers who found these items in Central and South America.
Exotic species An organism that is carried into a new location by people is referred to as an exotic species.
1. Wind blows seeds to a new location 2. An animal eats a seeded item then moves to another location and leaves the seeds in its waste. Name two ways that seeds can disperse.
1. Physical barriers 2. Competition 3. Climate Name three factors that limit dispersal of a species.
Physical Barriers Barriers such as water, mountains, and deserts are hard to cross. EX: Australia became separated from the other continents, the ocean acted as a barrier to dispersal.
Competition When an organism enters a new area, it must compete for resources with the species already there. To survive the new species must find a unique niche. Existing species may outcompete the new species.
climate The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time.
similar climates Places with ____________ ___________ tend to have species that occupy similar niches.
Climate Differences and Dispersal The climate changes dramatically as you move up a tall mountain. Climate determines the distribution of species on different parts of the mountain.
The base of the mountain is warm and dry. Low shrubs and cactus grow there. Higher up, the climate becomes cooler and wetter, and larger trees such as oaks and firs grow. Near the top it is very cold and windy, only short plants can grow in this area. How does the climate at the base of a mountain differ from the climate at the top? p. 57 Figure 12
Created by: dsimmons
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