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GED Physical Science
Lesson 4 The Nature of Energy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
energy | the capacity to do work (anything that can force matter to move, change direction, or change speed has this); comes in many forms and can be converted from one form to another |
work | is done whenever a force is applied to an object to set it in motion |
heat energy | can change a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a gas; also involved in most chemical reactions |
light energy | can create an image by causing the chemicals on a piece of film to react; provides the energy needed for the process of photosynthesis in green plants |
electrical energy | can turn a motor, plate a set of flatware with a layer of silver, or store data on a hard drive |
chemical energy | in food provides the energy humans need for life functions; it heats our buildings when we burn oil, gas, coal, or wood; in batteries provides electricity when the batteries are connected in a circuit |
nuclear energy | it provides the energy to produce electricity or power a submarine from breaking apart the nuclei of atoms |
mechanical energy | it turns the axles of a car or the blades of a fan |
law of conservation of energy | it states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed in form |
potential energy | one of two basic types of energy; has this energy based on its position |
kinetic energy | one of two basic types of energy; has this energy when it moves |
joule | the standard unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI) |
power | the rate of doing work or consuming energy |
watt | the standard unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one joule per second (horsepower in the English system) |