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Neuro, Musc, Abdomen
Health Assessment Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neer Test | Performed by having patient internally rotate shoulder while examiner forward flexes arm to 150 degrees (Rotator cuff tear) |
| Thumb Abduction Test | Pt hand palm up and raise thumb perpendicular. Apply downward pressure on thumb to test strength. (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) |
| McMurray | Pt supine and flex one knee while other leg rotated to medial position. Positive sign is audible click, grind, or pain. (Torn Medial/Lateral meniscus) |
| Bragard Stretch | Lumbar disk herniation test |
| Barlow-Ortolani Maneuver | Detect hip dislocation |
| Gower Sign | Child uses hand to push off floor into standing position (Muscular dystrophy) |
| Allis Sign | One knee appears lower than other is positive sign (Hip dislocation or shortened femur) |
| Tinel | When striking pt's wrist with index finger, where median nerve is, tingling sensation results as positive sign (Carpel tunnel syndrome) |
| Phalen | Ask patient to hold both wrist s in palmar flexed position for 1 minute, positive sign in tingling and numbness (Carpel Tunnel Syndrome) "praying" |
| Hawkins Test | Flex shoulder to 90 degrees, then elbow 90 degrees, then internally rotating to maximum limit. Positive sign is pain (Rotator cuff inflammation or tear) |
| Flick Test | If movement of wrist, similar to shaking thermometer, causes hand pain or discomfort is positive test |
| Ballotment | Determines presence of fluid of an effusion in knee through extension, applying downward pressure on suprapatellar pouch with thumb and forefinger then pushing patella downward against femur with finger of other hand |
| Bulge Sign | Determines presence of excess fluid in knee by having pt extend knee while examiner milks medical aspect of knee upward two or three times, and then taps lateral side of patella |
| Trendelenburg Sign | A/w testing of weak hip abductor muscles |
| Lachman Test | Evaluates anterior cruciate ligament integrity |
| Frontal | Personality, behavior, emotions, intellectual function, voluntary movement |
| Broca's Area | Speech formation (if damaged = expressive aphasia) |
| Parietal | Processes senses (touch, pain, etc) |
| Occipital | Visual receptor and interpretation |
| Spinal Cord | Mediates reflexes |
| Temporal | Sounds interpreted |
| Wernicke's Area | Gives meaning to spoken/written language |
| Brain Stem | Controls involuntary functions |
| Cerebellum | Coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium, and muscle tone |
| Aging | Decreases in light adjustment, corneal reflex, gag reflex, color discrimination, upward gaze, taste buds |
| Sequence for Neuro Exam | Mental status, cranial nerves, motor system, sensory system, reflexes |
| Romberg Test | Positive if looses balance (look for swaying with closed eyes) |
| Proprioception | Move up or down, will see abnormal with peripheral neuropathies |
| Stereognosis | Tactile discrimination using common objects |
| Graphesthesia | Drawing letter or number on patients hands with continuous motion |
| Clonus | Hyperactive Reflexes - check with foot |
| DTR 0 | No response |
| DTR 1+ | Sluggish |
| DTR 2+ | Expected |
| DTR 3+ | More brisk than expected |
| DTR 4+ | Hyperactive |
| Decorticate | Posture pulls in to core, indicates cerebral damage |
| Decerebrate | Posture pulls out from core, indicates brainstem damage (pronation of arms and plantar flexion) |
| Nuchal rigidity | stiff neck a/w meningitis and intracranial hemorrhage |
| Brudzinski | Involuntary flexion of hip/knees when examiner flexes patients neck |
| Kernig | Flex the leg @ hip and knee while supine. Pain in lower back and resistance to straighten leg is + sign. |
| Synovial Joint | Freely moveable joints |
| Bursae | Fluid filled sacs in spaces of CT btwn tendons, ligaments, and bones to reduce friction |
| Nonsynovial Joint | Bones connected by fibrous tissue or cartilage and not moveable |
| Osteoarthritis Risk Factors | Obesity, family hx, lax ligaments w/ postural joint abn, & age >40 |
| Osteoporosis Risk Factors | White, Asian, Native Americans, light body frame, family hx, menopause before 45, diabetes, poor teeth, smoking, alcohol, lack of weight bearing activities |
| Sports Injury Risk Factors | Poor physical conditioning, lack of warm-up exercises, intense competition, contact sports, rapid growth, joint overuse |
| Scoliosis | One shoulder will be higher and arms different lengths when bent over |
| Lordosis | Accentuated normal lumbar curve, normal in pregnancy, and common with obesity |
| Kyphosis | Hunch back |
| Rotator Cuff Tendonitis | Inability to raise arms up |
| Ganglion Cyst | Round cystic, nontender nodule over tendon sheath or joint capsule (benign) |
| Genu Valgum | Knock Knees |
| Genu Varum | Bow legs |
| Pes Planus | Flat feet |
| Pes Cavus | High Arch |
| Hallux Valgus | Great toe deviated laterally and may overlap 2nd toe |
| Bunion | Inflammed bursa usually on medial side |
| Gout | Increased uric acid |
| Rotator Cuff Tests | Neer & Hawkins |
| Carpal Tunnel Tests | Phanel, Tinel, Thumb Abduction, Flick |
| Knee Tests | Ballotment, Bulge McMurray, Lachman, Drawer |
| Hip Tests | Barlow-Ortolani, Allis, Trendelenburg, Thomas |
| Constipating Medications | Iron and Opiods |
| Children Abdomen Considerations | Constipation, toilet training, pica, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain |
| Infant Abdomen Considerations | Birth weight, meconium stool passage, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, abdomen enlargement |
| Pregnancy Abdomen Considerations | Urinary symptoms (1&3rd trimester), fetal movements (20 weeks), constipation (bc colon higher and more lateral/posterior) |
| Older Adult Abdomen Considerations | Blunted manifestations: symptoms less severe, signs less pronounced, pain diminished/absent |
| Scaphoid | Hollowed out appearance |
| Intestinal Obstruction, paralytic ileus, peritonitis | Reasons for changes in bowel sounds |
Created by:
TedMed
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