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GED Life Science

Lessons 5 & 6 Reproduction and Heredity & Genetics

TermDefinition
species regarded as the basic category of biological classification, composed of related individuals that resemble one another, are able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another species
asexual reproduction a type of reproduction by an individual organism that produces offspring identical to the parent
sexual reproduction a type of reproduction where two sex cells combine to form unique offspring with characteristics from both parents
sperm male reproductive cells
ovum the female reproductive cell or gamete of plants
traits physical characteristics of organisms
heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring in sexual reproduction
Gregor Mendel The first person to study heredity in a systematic way; an Austrian monk (1822-1884)
genes the factors that control traits
alleles different forms of a gene
dominant allele this controls the appearance of the trait
recessive allele this is hidden and doesn't control the appearance of the trait UNLESS two recessive alleles are inherited
hybrid anything derived from heterogeneous sources (one tall and one short for example)
chromosomes structures in a cell's nucleus that are composed mostly of genes, which are located on long molecules of DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic code for making proteins in the cell; shaped like a spiral ladder (the sides are deoxyribose-a sugar- and phosphate; each rung is a pair of nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine); A and T pair and C pairs with G
protein synthesis during this process, the information from a gene in the cell's nucleus is used to produce a protein on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) a messenger which transmits the code from the DNA
amino acid a protein building block
codon each set of 3 base pairs on the messenger RNA which contains instructions for creating an amino acid
genetic code the order of bases on the gene forms this for the synthesis of a particular protein
human genome genetic code
Created by: jpiittmann
 

 



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