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DAC1 Comp 4
WGU DAC1 Information Systems Management Competency 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| telecommunication systems | enable the transmission of data over public or private networks |
| network | a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together |
| local area network (LAN) | computer network that uses cables or radio signals to link two or more computers within a geographically limited area, generally one building or a group of buildings |
| wide area network (WAN) | computer network that provides data communication services for business in geographically dispersed areas (such as across a country or around the world) |
| metropolitan area network (MAN) | a computer network that provides connectivity in a geographic area or region larger that is covered by a LAN, but smaller than the area covered by a WAN |
| protocol, NIC, cable, hub, computers | Basic Components of a Network |
| protocol | a set of communication rules to make sure that everyone speaks the same language; component of a network |
| network interface card (NIC) | card that plugs into the back (or side) of your computers and lets them send and receive messages from other computers; component of a network |
| cable | the medium to connect all of the computers; component of a network |
| hub (switch or router) | hardware to perform traffic control; component of a network |
| architecture, topology, protocols, media | Network Differentiation Factors |
| peer-to-peer, client/server | architecture types (Network factors) |
| bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless | topology types (Network factors) |
| ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) | protocol types (Network factors) |
| coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic | media types (Network factors) |
| peer-to-peer (P2P) network (architecture types) | any network without a central file server in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations |
| client | computer that is designed to request information from a server |
| server | computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests |
| client/server network (architecture types) | a model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing, such as performing a physical search of a database, takes place on a server, while the front-end processing, which involves communicating with the users, is handled by the clients |
| network operating system (NOS) | the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users |
| packet-switching | occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer |
| router | an intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination |
| network topology (network factor) | refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers (and other network devices) in a network |
| protocol (network factor) | a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission |
| interoperability | capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers |
| ethernet (protocol types) | a digital and data layer technology for LAN networking |
| TCP/IP (protocol types) | provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks |
| Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) | distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and private IP networks |
| network transmission media | various types of media used to carry the signal between computers |
| wire media (media types) | transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably |
| twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable | Types of Wire Media |
| twisted-pair cable | a type of cable composed of four (or more) copper wires twisted around each other within a plastic sheath |
| coaxial cable | cable that can carry a wide range of frequencies with low signal loss |
| fiber-optic / optical fiber | the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass wire or fiber |
| wireless media (media types) | natural parts of the Earth's environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals |
| disruptive technology | a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers |
| sustaining technology | produces an improved product customers are eager to buy, such as a faster car or larger hard drive |
| Internet | a global public network of computer networks that pass information from one to another using common computer protocols |
| World Wide Web (WWW) | a global hypertext system that uses the Internet as its transport mechanism |
| hypertext markup language (HTML) | links documents allowing users to move from one to another simply by clicking on a hotspot or link |
| web browser | allows users to access the WWW |
| hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) | the Internet protocol web browsers use to request and display web pages using universal resource locators |
| universal resource locator (URL) | the address of a file or resource on the web such as www.apple.com |
| web 1.0 | refers to the WWW during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003 |
| ecommerce | the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet |
| ebusiness | the conducting of business on the internet. not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners |
| paradigm shift | occurs when a new radical form of business enters the market that reshapes the way companies and organizations behave |
| expanding global reach, opening new markets, reducing costs, improving operations, improving effectiveness | ebusiness advantages |
| information richness | refers to the depth and breadth of information transferred between customers and businesses |
| information reach | measures the number of people a firm can communicate with all over the world |
| mass customization | ability of an organization to give its customers the opportunity to tailor its products or services to the customers' specifications |
| personalization | occurs when a website can know enough about a person's likes and dislikes that it can fashion offers that are more likely to appeal to that person |
| long tail | referring to the tail of a typical sales curve |
| intermediaries | agent, software, or business that brings buyers and sellers together to provide a trading infrastructure to enhance ebusiness |
| disintermediation | occurs when a business sells direct to the customer online and cuts out the intermediary |
| reintermediation | using the internet to reassemble buyers, sellers, and other partners in a traditional supply chain in new ways |
| cybermediation | refers to the creation of new kinds of intermediaries that simply could not have existed before the advent of ebusiness |
| interactivity | measure the visitor interactions with the target ad |
| clickstream data | exact pattern of a consumer's navigation through a site |
| web 2.0 / business 2.0 | a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the internet- a more mature, distinctive medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects |
| open system | a broad term that describes nonproprietary IT hardware and software made available by the standards and procedures by which their products work, making it easier to integrate them |
| source code | contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software |
| open source | refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify |
| user-contributed content / user-generated content | content created and updated by many users for many users |
| collaboration system | an IT-based set of tools that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information |
| collective intelligence | collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers |
| knowledge management (KM) | involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective decisions and actions |
| knowledge management system (KMS) | supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge (i.e., know-how) throughout an organization |
| explicit knowledge | consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT |
| tacit knowledge | the knowledge contained in people's heads |
| crowdsourcing | refers to the wisdom of the crowd |
| asynchronous communications | communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time |
| synchronous communication | communications that occur at the same time such as IM or chat |
| social media | refers to websites that rely on user participation and user-contributed content |
| social network | an application that connects people by matching profile information |
| social networking | the practice of expanding your business and/or social contacts by constructing a personal network |
| social networking analysis (SNA) | maps group contacts, identifying who knows each other and who works together |
| tags | specific keywords or phrases incorporated into website content for means of classification or taxonomy |
| social tagging | describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search |
| folksonomy | similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system |
| website bookmark | a locally stored URL or the address of a file or internet page saved as a shortcut |
| social bookmarking | allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks |
| blog | website in which items are posted on a regular basis and displayed in reverse chronological order |
| web log | consists of one line of information for every visitor to a website and is usually stored on a web server |
| microblogging | the practice of sending brief posts (140 to 200 characters) to a personal blog, either publicly or to a private group of subscribers who can read the posts as IMs or as text message (Twitter) |
| Real Simple Syndication (RSS) | family of web feed formats used for web syndication of programs and content |
| wiki | web-based tools that make it easy for users to add, remove, and change online |
| network effect | describes how products in a network increase in value to users as the number of users increases |
| mashup | a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service |
| application programming interface (API) | a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications |
| mashup editor | WYSIWYGs for mashups that provide a visual interface to build a mashup, often allowing the user to drag and drop data points into a web application |
| semantic web | an evolving extension of the WWW in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a format that can be read and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share, and integrate information more easily |
| egovernment | involves the use of strategies and technologies to transform government(s) by improving the delivery of services and enhancing the quality of interaction between the citizen-consumer within all branches of government |
| mobile business / mbusiness / mcommerce | the ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless internet-enabled device |
| personal area network (PAN) | provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user |
| bluetooth | an omnidirectional wireless technology that provides limited-range voice and data transmission over the unlicensed 2.4GHz frequency band, allowing connections with a wide variety of fixed and portable devices that normally would have to be cabled together |
| wireless LAN (WLAN) | a local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet |
| access point (AP) | the computer or network device that serves as an interface between devices and the network |
| wireless access point (WAP) | enables devices to a wireless network to communicate with each other |
| multiple in/multiple out (MIMO) technology | multiple transmitters and receivers allow sending and receiving greater amounts of data than traditional networking devices |
| wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) | a means of linking computers using infrared or radio signals |
| Wi-Fi infrastructure | includes the inner workings of a Wi-Fi service or utility, including the signal transmitters, towers, or poles, along with additional equipment required to send out a Wi-Fi signal |
| hotspots | designated locations where Wi-Fi access points are publicly available |
| Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | an organization that researches and institutes electrical standards for communication and other technologies |
| IEEE 802.11n / Wireless-N | the newest standard for wireless networking |
| wireless MAN (WMAN) | a metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data |
| Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) | a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access |
| wireless WAN (WWAN) | a wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data |
| smartphones | combines the functions of a cellular phone and a PDA in a single device |
| 3G | a service that brings wireless broadband to mobile phones |
| streaming | a method of sending audio and video files over the internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred |
| satellite | a big microwave repeater in the sky; it contains one or more transponders that listen to a particular portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, amplifying incoming signals, and retransmitting them back to Earth |
| RFID tag | contains a microchip and an antenna, and typically works by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, which confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag |
| RFID reader / RFID interrogator | a transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID tags in the area |
| passive RFID tags | RFID tags without a power source |
| active RFID tags | RFID tags with their own transmitter and a power source (typically a battery) |
| semi-passive RFID tags | includes a battery to run the microchip's circuitry, but communicate by drawing power from the RFID reader |
| asset tracking | occurs when a company places active or semipassive RFID tags on expensive products or assets to gather data on the items' location with little or no manual intervention |
| RFID accelerometer | a device that measures the acceleration (the rate of change of velocity) of an item and is used to track truck speeds or taxi cab speeds |
| chipless RFID tags | use plastic or conductive polymers instead of silicon-based microchips, allowing them to be washed or exposed to water without damaging the chip |
| global positioning system (GPS) | a device that determines latitude, longitude, speed, and direction of movement |
| automatic vehicle location (AVL) | uses GPS tracking to track vehicles |
| latitude | represents a north/south measurement of position |
| longitude | represents an east/west measurement of position |
| geocache | a GPS technology adventure game that posts on the internet the longitude and latitude location of an item for users to find |
| geocoin | a round, coin-sized object that is uniquely numbered and hidden in geocache |
| estimated time of arrival (ETA) | the time of day of an expected arrival at a certain destination; typically used for navigation applications |
| estimated time enroute (ETE) | the time remaining before reaching a destination using the present speed; typically used for navigation applications |
| geographic information system (GIS) | designed to work with information that can be shown on a map |
| cartography | the science and art of making an illustrated map or chart |
| edge matching (warping, rubber sheeting) | occurs when paper maps are laid edge to edge, and items that run across maps but do not match are reconfigured to match |
| GIS map automation | links business assets to a centralized system where they can be tracked and monitored over time |
| spatial data (geospatial data or geographic information) | identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth, such as natural or constructed features, oceans, and more |
| geocoding | spatial databases in a coding process that takes a digital map feature and assigns it an attribute that serves as a unique ID (tract number, node number) or classification (soil type, zoning category) |
| location-based services (LBS) | wireless mobile content services that provide location-specific information to mobile users moving from location to location |
| protecting against theft, protecting wireless connections, preventing viruses on mobile devices, addressing primary concerns with RFID and LBS | Challenges of Wireless Networks |
| wired equivalent privacy (WEP) | an encryption algorithm designed to protect wireless transmission data |
| Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) | a wireless security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks |
| war chalking | the practice of tagging pavement with codes displaying where Wi-Fi access is available |
| war driving | deliberately searching for Wi-Fi signals from a vehicle |
| trend analysis, trend monitoring, trend projection, computer simulation, historical analysis | Ways to watch trends |
| trend analysis | a trend is examined to identify its nature, causes, speed of development, and potential impacts |
| trend monitoring | trends viewed as particularly important in a specific community, industry, or sector are carefully monitored, watched, and reported to key decision makers |
| trend projection | when numerical data is available, a trend can be plotted to display changes through time and into the future |
| computer simulation | complex systems, such as the US economy, can be modeled by means of mathematical equations and different scenarios can be run against the model to determine "what if" analysis |
| historical analysis | historical events are studied to anticipate the outcome of current developments |
| digital ink / electronic ink | technology that digitally represents handwriting in its natural form |
| digital paper / electronic paper | any paper that is optimized for any type of digital printing |
| teleliving | using information devices and the internet to conduct all aspects of life seamlessly |
| virtual assistant (VA) | a small program stored on a PC or portable device that monitors emails, faxes, messages, and phone calls |
| autonomic computing | a self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system |
| business model | a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues |
| ebusiness model | a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues on the internet |
| business-to-business (B2B) | business model that applies to business buying from and selling to each other over the internet |
| business-to-consumer (B2C) | business model that applies to any business that sells its products or services directly to consumers online |
| eshop / estore / etailer | a version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office |
| consumer-to-business (C2B) | business model that applies to any consumer who sells a product or service to a business on the internet |
| consumer-to-consumer (C2C) | business model that applies to customers offering goods and service to each other on the internet |
| search engine | website software that finds other pages based on keyword matching software similar to google |
| search engine ranking | evaluates variables that search engines use to determine where a URL appears on the list of search results |
| search engine optimization (SEO) | combines art along with science to determine how to make URLs more attractive to search engines resulting in higher search engine ranking |
| pay-per-click | generates revenue each time a user clicks on a link to a retailer's website |
| pay-per-call | generates revenue each time a user clicks on a link that takes the user directly to an online agent waiting for a call |
| pay-per-conversion | generates revenue each time a website visitor is converted to a customer |
| internet service provider (ISP) | a company that provides access to the Internet for a monthly fee |
| real-time communication | occurs when a system updates information at the same rate it receives it |
| instant messaging (IMing) | a service that enables instant or real-time communication between people |
| podcasting | converts an audio broadcast to a digital music player |
| web conferencing / webinar | blends videoconferencing with document sharing and allows the user to deliver a presentation over the web to a group of geographically dispersed participants |
| content management systems (CMS) | helps companies manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of their website content |
| taxonomy | the scientific classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin |
| information architecture | the set of ideas about how all information in a given context should be organized |
| identifying limited market segments, managing consumer trust, ensuring consumer protection, adhering to taxation rules | Challenges of Ebusiness |
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csmi384
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