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Cancer
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cancer | uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in any body tissue |
nomar cell | mature, fully differentiated, uniform size, contact inhibition |
mitosis | phase of the cell cycle where division occurs |
malignant cell | irregularly shaped, chromosomal abnormality, no contact inhibition, divides rapidly |
hypertrophy | increase in cell size |
hyperplasia | increase in number of cells |
metaplasia | transformation of one adult cell to another cell type (reversible) |
dysplasia | abnormal change in size, shape and organization of a cell |
anaplasia | malignant change in structure of cell (not reversible) |
neoplasia | new growth |
metastasis | spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites |
TNM | tumor-nodes-metastasis classification system |
tumor markers | proteins released by cancer cells |
carcinogenesis | process by which normal cells are turned into cancer cells (genetic mutation) |
primary cancer treatment | primary treatment to eradicate tumor |
radiofrequency ablation | use of electrical energy to generate heat and burn cancer cells |
cryosurgery | use of nitrogen or cold probe to freeze cancer cells |
radiation | (local) use of high energy ionizing rays to interrupt cell growth |
external beam radiation- teletherapy | most common, administered by machines, small tattoos, plastic molds, daily for 2-8 wks |
internal beam radiation- brachytherapy | radioactive material placed into or adjacent to tumor (sealed or unsealed) |
chemotherapy | systemic treatment using cytotoxic drugs |
extravasation | drug filtered to the tissues |