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ORANGE MOD
gastrointestinal review
Term | Definition |
---|---|
what are rugae? | folds in the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
what are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
what are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
what are the functions of the liver? | produces bile, removes glucose (sugar) from the blood, stores vitamins B12, A, D, E and K, destroys or transforms toxic products |
what are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum |
what are the three main parts of the stomach? | fundus, body, pylorus |
what are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | hard palate, soft palate |
what is the medical term for mouth? | oral cavity |
what is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal |
what are villi? | microscopic finger-like projections |
what does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus (the entire GI tract) |
what is digestion completed? | small intestine |
what is a volvulus? | a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself |
what are hemorrhoids? | enlarged veins in the mucuosa membrane of the anal canal |
what causes hepatitis A? | ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk |
what is diverticulosis? | small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
what is ulcerative colitis? | chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum |
where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach, duodenum |
what do inguinal hernias develop? | in the groin where the abdominal folds of the flesh meet the thighs |
what large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | ulcerative colitis |
ulcer | a lesion of the skin or mucous or membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach |
occult blood | a test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it |
deglutition | act of swallowing |
gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine |
pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion |
reguruitation | backward flowing, as in the rectum of solids of fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
mastication | chewing |
fecalith | fecal concretion |
cecum | first 2-3" of the large intestine |
ascending colon | first portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
flatus | gas in the GI tract |
ulterative colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
diverticulitis | inflammation of a sec-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
stomatits | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
anorexia | lack of loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
rectum | last portion of the GI tract |
ileum | lower division of the small intestine |
serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
halitosis | offensive, or bad breath |
proctologist | one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus |
melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
stratorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
celiac | pertaining to the abdomen |
buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone |
erucation | producing gas from the stomach |
perstalsis | progressive, wavelike movement |
lower gastrointestinal series UGIS | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine |
lower gastrointestinal series BE | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder |
borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are aurible at a distance |
cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
jejunum | second division of the small intestine |
transverse colon | second portion of the colon that passes horizontally acrpss the abdomen toward the spleen |
obstipation | severe constipation |
pyloric stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine thorough the abdomen wall |
ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
aerophagia | swallowing air |
liver | the largest glandular organ |
diarrhea | the passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
ingest | to eat |
hematesis | vomiting of blood |
malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
oral leukoplakia | white patches that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek |
Ba | barium |
BE | barium enema |
BM | bowel movement |
BMI | body mass index |
CF | cystic fibrosis |
CT | computed tomography |
EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
GB | gallbladder |
GERD | |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
LFT | liver function test |
PE | physical examintation |
PMH | past medical history |
PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
R/O | rule out |
RGB | Roux-En-Y gastric bypass |
STAT | immediately |