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Chemistry Vocabulary
Water , pH, Atoms, Macromolecules
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | basic unit of matter |
Element | substance consisting of one type of atom |
Isotope | atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
compound | chemical combination of two or more elements |
ionic bond | A bond created by the attraction between a positive and negative ion. |
ion | An atom that has a positive or negative charge because it is missing an electron or has an extra electron. |
covalent bond | a bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared. A covalent bond can either be polar or non polar. |
van der waals forces | Intermolecular forces of attracton |
Polar molecule | a molecule in which the charges are unevenly |
hydrogen bonds | two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom connected by polar covalent bonds. |
cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
adhesion | an attraction between molecules of a different substance |
solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
suspension | mixture of water and non-dissolved materials |
ph scale | pH: A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale goes from 0 - 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. |
Buffers | weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp; sudden changes in PH |
carbohydrate | A sugar or starch. Carbohydrates are large molecules or polymers. Carbohydrates are made of monomers called monosaccharides. Carbohydrates are used as an energy source. Examples of carbohydrates include glucose and glycogen. |
Monosacccharid | singel sugar molecule |
polysaccharides | Large macromolecule formed from mommosacharids |
lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbo and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
nucleic acids | macromolecule contaning hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen,carbon, and phosphorus |
nucleotides | The building block (monomer) of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base. |
proteins | macromolecule that contains carbon,hydrogen, oxegen,and nitrogen; nedded by body for growth and repairing and makeingup enzymes |
amino acids | The monomer (building block) of a protein |
Hydrophilic | love water |
hydrophobic | fear of water |
homeostasis | Keeping your insides in balance; maintaining a stable internal environment. This is one of the five characteristics of life. ... |