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Pathology
First Aid: Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 steps of extravasation? | Rolling: E-selectins on vascular endothelium bind Sialyl-Lewis on leukocyte; Tight binding: ICAM-1 on vascular endothelium bind LFA-1 on leukocyte; Diapedisis; Migration guided by chemotactic signals (cytokines) |
| What is the difference between grade and stage? | Grade is the degree of cellular differentiation based on histologic appearance. Staging is the degree of localization/spread based on site and size of lesion, metastasis, nodal involvement, etc. |
| This disease is commonly associated with ALL? | Down syndrome |
| These two neoplasms are often associated with tuberous sclerosis? | Astrocytoma and cardiac rhabdomyoma |
| This disease is commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus? | Plummer-Vinson syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia; all due to iron deficiency) |
| These neoplasms are often associated with AIDS? | Kaposi's sarcoma and aggressive malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas |
| What is the oncogene in CML, gain or loss of function? | bcr-abl, gain |
| What is the oncogene in Burkitt's, gain or loss of function? | c-myc, gain |
| What is the oncogene in Follicular lymphoma, gain or loss of function? | bcl-2, gain |
| What is the oncogene in breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma's, gain or loss of function? | erb-B2, gain |
| What is the oncogene in colon carcinoma, gain or loss of function? | ras, gain |
| What is the oncogene in lung tumor, gain or loss of function? | L-myc, gain |
| What is the oncogene in neuroblastoma, gain or loss of function? | N-myc, gain |
| What is the oncogene in MEN II/III, gain or loss of function? | ret, gain |
| What is the impaired gene in Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, gain or loss of function? | Rb, loss chromosome 13q |
| What is the impaired gene in breast and ovarian cancer, is it gain or loss of function? | BRCA-1,2, loss chromosome 17q,13q |
| What is the impaired tumor suppressor found in most human cancers? | p53 |
| What is the impaired gene in Wilm's tumor, is it gain or loss of function? | WT1, loss chromosome 11 |
| On what chromosomes are the NF1 and NF2 tumor suppressor genes? | NF1 17q, NF2 22q |
| What are the only two tumor suppressors located on a short arm of a chromosome? | p53 on 17p and p16 on 9p ("p" is the short arm) |
| What is the tumor marker for colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, and breast carcinomas? | carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
| What is the tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumors? | alpha-fetoprotein |
| What is the tumor marker for ovarian and malignant epithelial tumors? | CA-125 |
| What is the tumor marker for melanoma, neural tumors, and astrocytomas? | S-100 |
| What is the tumor marker for metastasis to bone? | alkaline phosphatase |
| What is the tumor marker for neuroblastoma's, gastric, and lung cancer? | bombesin |
| What oncogenic virus is associated with T-cell leukemia? | HTLV-1 |
| What oncogenic virus is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma? | HBV, HCV |
| What oncogenic virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma? | EBV |
| What oncogenic virus is associated with cervical carcinoma? | HPV |
| What oncogenic virus is associated with kaposi's sarcoma? | HHV-8 |
| What carcinogen is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma? | Aflatoxins (mycotoxins of aspergillus) |
| What cancer is associated with vinyl chloride? | Liver (angiosarcoma) |
| What cancer is associated with nitrosamines? | esophagus, stomach |
| What carcinogen is associated with mesothelioma? | asbestos |
| What cancer is associated with arsenic exposure? | squamous cell carcinoma |
| What carcinogen is associated with transitional cell carcinoma? | Napthalene (anilene) dyes |
| What cancer can cause both Cushing's syndrome and SIADH? | Small cell lung carcinoma |
| What cancers can release a PTH-related peptide capable of causing hypercalcemia? | Squamous cell lung, renal, and breast carcinoma and also multiple myeloma |
| What cancers are known to metastasize to the brain? | Lung, breast, skin, kidney, GI (Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia!) |
| Which cancers are known to metastasize to the liver? | colon, stomach,, and pancreas |
Created by:
rahjohnson
on 2009-01-26