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MedTerm 4

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Chapter 4 words activity

QuestionAnswer
Abduction The movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body.
Adduction The movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body.
Adhesion A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
Ataxia The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
Atonic Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.
Atrophy Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.
Bradykinesia Extreme slowness in movement.
carpal tunnel syndrome Symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen.
chronic fatigue syndrome A disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems.
Circumduction The circular movement at the far end of a limb.
Contracture The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.
Dorsiflexion The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
Dyskinesia The distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm.
Dystonia A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.
Electromyography A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.
Epicondylitis Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.
Ergonomics The study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.
exercise physiologist A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.
Fasciitis Inflammation of a fascia.
fibromyalgia syndrome A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.
ganglion cyst A harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.
heel spur A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis.
Hemiparesis Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.
Hemiplegia Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.
Hernia The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.
Hyperkinesias Abnormally increased muscle function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.
Hypotonia A condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.
impingement syndrome Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.
Insertion Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
intermittent claudication Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
muscular dystrophy A group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.
myasthenia gravis A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.
Myocele The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
Myoclonus The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.
myofascial release A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Myolysis The degeneration of muscle tissue.
Myoparesis a weakness or slight muscular paralysis.
Myorrhaphy The surgical suturing a muscle.
Neuromuscular Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.
nocturnal myoclonus Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep.
Oblique Slanted or at an angle.
Paralysis The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
Paraplegia The paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
Physiatrist A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.
plantar fasciitis An inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. This condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running.
Polymyositis A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.
Pronation The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.
Quadriplegia Paralysis of all four extremities.
range of motion testing A diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.
Sarcopenia The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.
shin splint A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).
Singultus Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.
spasmodic torticollis A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.
Sphincter A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.
Sprain An injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
Tenodesis The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.
Tenolysis The release of a tendon from adhesions; also known as tendolysis.
Tenorrhaphy The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.
Tenosynovitis An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.
Transverse In a crosswise direction.
Created by: jillcyr
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