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Terms
Psych E2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agitation | Inability to sit still & heightened emotions/tension |
| Algoia | Poverty of Speech; reduced fluency/productivity of thought and speech |
| Hypofrontality | Reduced cerebral blood flow & glucose metabolism in prefrontal cortex |
| Word Salad | Shift after 1 or 2 words |
| Non-Bizarre Delusions | C/B adherence to possible situations that could appear in real life (plausible) |
| Verbigeration | Purposeless repetition of words/phrases |
| Tangentiality | Topic changes to entirely different topic w/n logical progression but causes permanent detour from original focus |
| Stifled Language | Overly and inappropriately formal language |
| Referential Thinking | Belief neutral stimuli has special meaning to the individual (ex: TV commentator speaking directly to individual) |
| Prodromal | Early symptom indicating development of disease/syndrome |
| Pressured Speech | Speaking as if words are forced out |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Life-threatening condition that can develop in reaction to antipsychotic meds (muscle rigidity, HTN, tachycardia, incontinence, leukocytosis) |
| Neologisms | Words made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized |
| Metonymic Speech | Use of words with similar meanings interchangeably |
| Loose Associations/Flight of Ideas | Shift after 1 or 2 phrases |
| Illusions | Create oversensitivity to colors, shapes, background activities when person misperceives external environment |
| Hypervigilance | Sustained attention to external stimuli as if expecting something important/frightening to happen |
| Flight of Ideas | Repeated and rapid changes in topic |
| Echopraxia | Involuntary imitation of another person's movements & gestures |
| Echolalia | Parrot-like and inappropriate repetition of another person's words |
| Disorganized Symptoms | Symptoms of schizophrenia that make it difficult for person to understand and respond to ordinary sights and sights |
| Delusions | Fixed false beliefs that can't be changes by reason |
| Concrete Thinking | Lack of abstraction in thinking in which ppl are unable to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies |
| Clang Association | Repetition of words/phrases similar in sound but no other way (ex: right-light-sight) |
| Catatonic Excitement | Hyperactivity C/B purposeless activity & abnormal movements (ex: grimacing and posturing) |
| Avolition | W/drawal & inability to initiate/persist in goal-directed activity |
| Autistic Thinking | Thinking restricted to literal and immediate; individual has private rules of logic & reasoning that make no sense to others |
| Apathy | Diminished interest and desire |
| Anhedonia | Inability to express pleasure |
| Ambivalence | Presence/Expression of two opposing feelings - leads to inaction |
| Flat Affect | Emotional expression Absent |
| Blunt Affect | Expression greatly diminished |
| Affective Lability | Abrupt, dramatic, unprovoked changes |
| Dysarthria | Difficulty articulating words |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| Bizarre Delusions | Impossible, illogical, and not derived from ordinary life experiences |
| Stereotypy | Idiosyncratic, repetitive, purposeless movements |
| Waxy Flexibility | Posture held in odd or unusual fixed positions for extended periods |
| Circumstantiality | Extremely detailed and lengthy discourse about a subject |
| Paranoia | Suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic and often accompanied by grandiosity |
| Aggression | Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness |
| Regressed Behavior | Behaving in a manner of a less mature stage of life |
| Depression | Overwhelming sadness, loss of interest, guilt, disturbed sleep and appetite, low Energy |
| Unipolar | Single abnormal mood state (ex: depression) |
| Mood Episode | Severe mood changes that lasts @least 2 weeks that causes clinically significant distress/impairment |
| Major Depressive Episodes | Lasts @least 2 weeks and includes 4 symptoms |
| Dysthymic Disorder | Milder but more chronic form that lasts @least 2 years in adults and includes 3 symptoms |
| Psychosis | A state in which an individual experiences + symptoms |
| Delusional Disorder | Psychotic disorder C/B nonbizarre, logical, and stable delusions that occur in the absence of other psychiatric disordres |
| Nonbizarre Delusions | Ex: Being followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by lover/spouse |
| Erotomanic Delusions | C/B belief that the patient is loved intensely by "loved object" who is usually unattainable |
| Gradiose Delusions | Convinced have great, unrecognized talent/discovery; less common is special relationship with prominent person or is a prominent person |
| Jealous Delusions | Unfatihfulness belief that arises without cause and based on incorrect "evidence" (ex: spots on sheets) |
| Somatic Delusions | Involves bodily functions/sensations and belief they have ailments and seek medical care excessively |
| Mixed/Unspecified Delusions | 1 or more types of delusions; delusions where person is replaced by imposter |
| Persecutory Delusions | Patient's belief being conspired against, cheated/spied on, followed poisoned, drugged, harassed |
| Persecutory Delusions | May repeatedly appeal to courts and other agencies; often angry, violent, and resentful |
| Schizophreniform Disorder | Identical to schizophrenia w/ symptoms @least 1 month duration but less than 6 months |
| Brief Psychotic Disorder | @least 1 day but less than 1 month, sudden onset and at least one + symptom |
| Shared Psychotic Disorder | Person believes and shares part or all of the inducer's delusional beliefs |
| Thymoleptic | Mood-stabilizing |
| Schizoaffective Disorder (SAD) | C/B periods of intense symptoms alternating with quiet periods during which psychosocial functioning is adequate |
| Anergia | Extremely Tired (ex: too tired to wipe snot from nose) |
| Delirium | Acute cognitive impairments that can be caused by medical condition, substance abuse, or multiple etiologies |
| Hyperkinetic Delirium | Behaviors most commonly recognized as delirium (psychomotor hyperactivity, excitability, hallucinations) |
| Hypokinetic Delirium | Lethargy, sleepiness, and apathy & a decrease in psychomotor activity |
| Mixed Variant Delirium | Behavior that fluctuates between hyperactive and hypoactive |
| Cortical Dementia | Results from a disease process that globally afflict cortex (Alzheimer's is most common) |
| Subcortical Dementia | Caused by dysfunction/deterioration of deep gray/white matter structures in brain and brain stem. |
| Subcortical Dementia | Tends to disrupt arousal, attention, and motivation |
| Alzheimer Dementia | Degenerative, progressive neuropsychiatric disorder that results in cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral changes, physical and functional decline, and ultimately death |
| Aphasia | Alterations in language ability |
| Apraxia | Impaired ability to execute motor activities despite intact motor functioning |
| Agnosia | Failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function |
| Disturbance of Executive Functioning | Inability to think abstractly, plain, initiate, sequence, monitor, and stop complex behavior |
| Beta-Amyloid Plaques | Destroy cholinergic neurons; interferes with process of storing memories by interrupting synaptic connections |
| Neurofibrillatory Tangles | Abnormally twisted protein threads inside cells that disintegrates microtubules, collapses neuron's transport systems, and results in cell death |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | A/W cognitive functioning (cell loss in nucleus leads to deficits in this chemical) |
| Catastrophic Reactions | Overreactions or extreme anxiety to everyday situations |
| Cognitive Reserve | Brain's ability to operate effectively even when there is disruptions in functioning |
| Vascular Dementia | Step-wise progressive dementia |
| Amnestic Disorder | Impairment in memory that is caused by direct physiologic effects of general medical condition or effects of substance |
| Confabulation | Filling gaps in memory with imaginary events (different from lying) |
| Expansive Mood | C/B lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings and frequently overvaluing one's own importance |
| Bipolar II | Has less dramatic symptoms & C/B hypomania |
| Bipolar I | @least 1 manic episode or mixed episode&depressive episode |
| Mania | C/B abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood |
| Hypomania | Mild form of mania |
| Hyomanic Episode | Less intense manic episode with little impairment in social/occupational functioning and intact judgment |
| Mixed Episode | When mania and depression occur @ same time, which leads to anxiety, agitation, and irritability |
| Manic Episode | Distinct period during which there is an abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood |
| Irritable Mood | Being easily annoyed and provoked to anger, particularly when wishes are challenged |
| Rapid Cycle | Occurrence of 4 or more episodes that meet criteria for manic, mixed, hypomanic, or depressive episode during the previous 12 months |
| Disinhibition | Equilibrium is compensation for external disturbance |
| Hypersexuality | Inappropriate and socially unacceptable sexual behavior |
| Impaired Consciousness | Less environmental awareness and loss of ability to focus attention |
| Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | Transitional state between normal cognition and Alzheimer's disease |
| Acknowledgement | Recognizing the client’s opinions and statements without imposing your own values and judgment |
| Clarifying | The process of making sure you have understood the meaning of what was said |
| Confrontation | Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information shared or not shared |
| Focusing | Assisting the client to explore a specific topic which may include sharing perceptions and theme identification |
| Reflecting/Restating | Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said (Be careful not to overuse; client will feel as though you are not listening) |
| Vascular Dementia | Caused by lack of brain to blood, "small strokes" |
| Parkinson's Disease | Disorder to the CNS that affects movement |
| Huntington's Disease | An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time. |
| Pick's Disease | a rare form of progressive dementia, typically occurring in late middle age and often familial, involving localized atrophy of the brain (distinguished from AD on autopsy) |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | mad cow disease |
| Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia | most related to chronic alcohol abuse |
Created by:
TedMed
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