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Graphic Design II
Quiz #1 - Chapters 1, 2, and 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What role did symbols play in early written communication? | Often written on papyrus, symbols were used along with words as the writing system for ancient Egyptians called hieroglyphics. |
| What is the cuneiform and how was it used? | A written language that evolved from pictograms to a linear style and then carved into clay with a reed stylus. The clay tablets were sun dried or baked in kilns and served as a record of ancient cultures. It was the first step of what became the alphabet |
| What form of written communication existed during the Middle Ages? | Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform. Cuneiform evolved from pictograms, to a manageable number of characters which would become the first alphabet for the Greeks. Hieroglyphics were used by the Egyptians and emerged before Cuneiform |
| How did Johann Gutenberg influence publishing? | He invented movable type which he used in a crude press which was a converted wine press. Among his publications was the Bible. |
| What is a gravure? (or commercial form of “intaglio” printing) | Dating back to 15th century Europe, it is a printing process that involves etching an image onto the surface of a plate which is then inked and wiped clean. Still used today in printing postage stamps and publications in large quantities. |
| What form of printing was used most often from the 1600s to the early 1900s? | Letterpress |
| What is offset lithography? | A printing process that invented in 1905 by Ira Rubel. It has become the most common method for printing publications over the last 50 years. |
| What role did Cipe Pineles play in editorial design? | a magazine art director who, along with others, helped New York City become an influential design and publishing community |
| How has phototypesetting affected publication design? | In the 1960s it provided a fast, flexible, ad inexpensive means of setting type and was ideal for offset lithography printing that was becoming popular at the time. |
| What role has the computer played in publication design? | It advanced the ability of designers to manipulate text and imagery |
| Name four goal categories | Inform Persuade Sell Entertain |
| What are demographics and what do they mean in publication design? (Also termed _____________ in the class PDF) | Audience Driven Design - meaning the publication should be appropriate for its audience and reflect their beliefs and aesthetic preferences |
| What is venue and why is this important to publication design? (Two key words to remember) | It is where a publication will be VIEWED and READ. It can affect the design, in the marketplace the cover must communicate quickly what the publication is about |
| What are six design principles that help support a publication’s communication goal? | Hierarchy Balance Proximity Rhythm/Repetition Scale Unity/Variety |
| What is hierarchy and why is it important in a layout? | Determines which element will be dominant in a design |
| What is the difference between symmetric and an asymmetric balance? | Symmetric balance is achieved with identical elements on either side of a vertical axis. Asymmetrical balance is achieved when positive and negative space balance each other. |
| What is proximity and why is it important? | The placement of visual elements in a layout. The space between affects the relationship and degree of genetic tension or visual interest. |
| Rhythm, pattern, and texture are all aspects of __________ | Repetition |
| What is scale and how is it often used? | Variation in size of visual elements used to create a sense of depth |
| Why are unity and variety important in creating a harmonic design? | Unity uses design elements that are similar and varying them creates visual interest |
| What is figure ground ambiguity? (PDF: ________ exists as figure and ground) | Shape. The ambiguity creates interest when the viewer isn’t sure which shapes are foreground or background |
| What aspects of type allow it to work in a layout as a design element? (PDF: looking for 3 specific ways) | Serves as LINE, SHAPE, and TEXTURE |
| What is a grid and how does it function in a layout? | GUIDES and ORGANIZES the alignment of elements in a layout and provides UNITY and FLOW |
| What is proportion and what is a proportional system? An example of a proportional system is ____________ | How a page is segmented - How a grid will be developed - Golden Mean |
| Why is a grid important to a publication’s design? | Structure and unity |
| What is a margin, column, and gutter and how do they function in a page design? | Margins are a frame of negative space around the “live” area in the layout Gutters are the space between columns and pages Columns contain the text and imagery, or “meat” of the article |
| How do horizontal lines work as alignment guides in a publication’s grid? | They help with aligning headings and page numbers, as well as formatting margins |
| For maximum legibility, what is the optimum number of typographic characters in a line of type? | 25 to 50 characters |
| Name three ways to create typographic hierarchy through contrast | Bigger Bolder Color |
| What are some typographic treatments that can be used to make long passages of text more user friendly? (Know what each are as well!) | Subheads Initial Caps- First letter of first word made larger, bolder, italicized, etc… Adding Rules Setting text in bold Ornaments |
| What do the terms “justified,” “flush left,” and “flush right” mean? | Justified - aligned on both left and right sides Flush Left - aligned on a left vertical axis while ragged on the right axis Flush Right - aligned on a right vertical axis while ragged on the left axis |
| What is a widow or orphan? | Isolated pieces of text either at the end of a column, or in a single line at the top of a new column. |
| What is a bleed? | an image or element on a page that extends beyond the grid and margin, and off its edge |
| The earliest Roman typefaces were designed by who? When? | Nicholas Jensen - 1470s |
| The first printed version of the Declaration of Independence was set in what typeface? | Caslon |
| What magazine printed the first halftone reproduction of a photograph on its front page? when? | The New York Graphic - 1880 |
| Computer technology allowed advances in typographic manipulation which was highlighted by David Carson’s experiments in what magazines? | Beach Culture and Ray Gun |
| Publication designer Herb Lublin also became known for _______ in the 1960s thanks to tech advances in typesetting | Designing fonts |
| Zuzana Licko of _________ magazine pioneered type design with her introduction of _______ in the 1980s. | Emigre - fonts |
| Designer April Greiman was one of the first to experiment with _______ as computer technology advanced. | Imagery |
| A ______ is a path connection two or more points. When a viewers gaze is directed by alignment of elements it creates _________ | Line - Implied Line |
| List 5 design elements | Shape Line Color Type Imagery |
| Color can be a powerful means of communicating ________ and can be a useful ___________ device in publication design | Emotion - Unifying |
| While not a formal element of design, __________ can function as a design element in a page and page layout | Imagery |
| Modular grids allow ___________ in a page layout | versatility/flexability |
| Four guidelines for directing eye movement in a layout are | Position/Placement Scale Contrast Implied Direction |
| The number of columns in a grid can be determined by what factors? | Page Format/Size Page Orientation Publication’s Function Publication’s Goal |
| Typography aids ___________ and _____________ in a layout. | hierarchy and organization |
| When working with ragged-right justified columns of text, an aesthetic problem that can arise is the _____ | rag |
| When working with justified columns of text, an aesthetic problem that can arise are white spaces between words that vertically align in what are known as _____________ | rivers |
| Paragraph indents need to be in proportion to what? | The column’s width |
| Adding ________ to columns of text can make it appear less dense and more reader friendly. | Leading |
| Strategically placed images combined with type can be used to do what? | Support eye movement and guide a reader through the page or spread |
| When placing visuals in a layout, you can use the ________ and ________ of adjoining text as a guide. | Baseline and x-height |
| When typographic hierarchy is applied to a page layout: what is the introductory copy above the title/headline called? What is the line that credits the author called? | Lead-in (or the deck) The byline |
Created by:
btbell812
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