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Tera's Clinical
LP1 -Vaccinations Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most vaccines are given in a child's first ____ to ___ months of life? | 15-18 |
| T or F: Vaccine storage should follow specific manufacturer's guidelines? | True |
| T or F: Sunlight never effects vaccines | False |
| T or F: Vaccines have trade names | True |
| A child with an egg allergy cannot receive which vaccines? | MMR, Varicella, Influenza |
| MAs must know symptoms of side effects, contraindications and allergies of vaccines and inform the parents. What is provided to the parents for this? | A vaccination information sheet |
| What does VIS stand for? | Vaccine information sheet |
| What must be done by parents before vaccines are given to children? | A written consent must be signed |
| What does VAERS stand for? | Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System |
| If any adverse reaction occur, what will the provider do? | The provider will report it to VAERS, and fill out an event form for the national immunization program. |
| T or F: All children must have an immunization record as part of their personal permanent medical record? | True |
| What information must be included in the EMR? | -Date of administration -Vaccine given -Vaccine information sheet given to parent/guardian -Manufacturer name -Lot # and expiration date -Site and route of administration -Name, address + title of person administering -Source of vaccine (f,s,p) |
| T or F: record keeping is mandated by both state and federal laws | True |
| T or F: Immunizations are not included in the TPMS. | False |
| What do vaccinations do? | Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against pathogens |
| If you cannot administer a vaccine do to contraindication, what must be done? | You must carefully document this and notify the provider. |
| T or F: Repeated doses of vaccines are not necessary | False |
| T or F: Only compatible vaccines may be given in any one visit to avoid drug interactions | True |
| T or F: If you miss a vaccine, you are out of luck | False- vaccine "catch up" schedules are avilable |
| What is the goal for vaccine schedules? | Complete vaccination by 15-18 months, 2yrs. |
| What times are boosters given? | Upon school entry and every 10 yrs |
| What is herd immunity? | Protection for those who cannot get vaccinated by vaccinating as many of those who can. |
| What is on a VIS sheet? | What the vaccine is used for What reactions to look out for |
| What disease is still a problem in Africa but not in the U.S? | Polio |
| The person who draws up and prepares the vaccine also.....? | Administers and documents it. |
| Who may not get a vaccine? | -Immunocompromised -Sick, fever -Some cancer patients -Pregnant patients (rubella) |
| What must be done after opening a multidose vial? | You must date and initial it, it is good then for 28 days. |
| What vaccines and diluents must be thrown out and not used? | -Expired -Without a label -Those drawn or prepared but not given immediately |
| Examples of localized infections | -rash -redness -soreness -itching -minor swelling |
| Major life threatening reaction, can cause loss of consciousness? | Anaphylaxis |
| What is included in vaccine package inserts? | -Route of administration -Purpose -Contraindications -Possible side effects |
| Why do we immunize? | To prevent the spread of disease |
| How are most vaccine-preventable diseases spread? | Person to person |
| What happens to vaccines if they are exposed to ranges of temperature outside of their ranges? | They have decreased potency/effectiveness |
| How many times should the temperature be tested and how is it recorded? | Twice a day, recorded in a log |
| If the expiration date on a label is a month and year, how long can the vaccine be used for? | It can be used through the last day of the month labeled. |
| Some children up to 8yrs and those who are receiving the flu vaccine for the first time...... | Will need two doses to be fully protected. The doses should be 28 days apart. |
| Who may receive a nasal flu vaccine? | Healthy children 2-8yrs. Those with minor illness such as diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection with out fever can still receive the spray. |
| What is immunity? | When the body is protected from infectious diseases due to the development of antibodies. |
| Antigens are...? | Foreign substances |
| Antibodies are.....? | Proteins produced in response to the presence of antigens |
| Immunization (definition) | The process of introducing or providing immunity artificially by administering an immunizing agent. |
| Active immunization | Response to vaccine or toxoid |
| Passive immunization | Response to donor antitoxins or antibodies |
| Another name for "live" vaccine | Attenuated |
| Which vaccines are live? | MMR, Varicella, Influenza (nasal), Zostavax |
| Example of a dead vaccine? | Influenza (IM) |
| What does tetanus cause? | Lockjaw |
| What does diptheria cause? | A thick covering in back of the throat |
| Pertussis causes? | whooping cough, difficult eating/breathing/drinking, brain damage, death |
| What does the "a" mean in DTap? | It stands for acellular. It means that the pertussis component only contains part of the pertussis organism. |
| What are the four combinations of tetanus, diptheria and pertussis vaccine? | DTaP, Tdap, Td, DT. *Uppercase=full strength of that toxin |
| How is the DTap vaccine administered? | IM, in the thigh with a 1inch needle |
| Where is the DTap vaccine stored? | refrigerator |
| Does the DTap vaccine have a diluent? | No |
| What is Hepatitis A? | A serious liver disease, causes flu like symptoms, jaundice |
| How is Hep A spread? | Fecal-oral route |
| How is Hep A administered? | IM, upper arm or thigh with a 1inch needle |
| How is Hep A stored? | Refrigerator |
| Does Hep A have a diluent? | No |
| Hep A schedule | 2 doses, a least 6mo apart |
| Hepatits B causes? | Serious liver disease |
| Hep B is spread by? | Body fluids, needles, mother to child |
| How is Hep B administered? | IM in arm or thigh with 1"needle |
| How is Hep B stored? | Refrigerator |
| Does Hep B have a diluent? | No |
| What vaccines are stored in the freezer? | Zostavax, MMR |
| What vaccines have diluents? | Varicella, Zostavax, Hib and MMR |
| What does Hib protect against? | Haemophilus Influenzae Type B. A serious bacterial disease which can cause meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, pericarditits. Symptoms= rash, stiff neck, fever, septicemia, death |
| Which vaccines are SQ? | MMR, varicella, zostavax |
| Which vaccine is oral? | Rotavirus (RV) |
| what does HPV protect against? | Cervical cancer, anal cancer, genital warts *mostly no symptoms |
| How is HPV spread? | Spread by sexual body fluids |
| HPV schedule? | 9-26 yrs both boys and girls |
| What does measles cause? | Fever, cough, rash, runny nose, may cause seizures or death |
| What does mumps cause? | Virus that causes fever, headache, muscle pains, and swollen glands |
| What does rubella cause? | Rash, arthritis(women), mild fever, can cause miscarriage |
| What are MMR diseases spread by? | Measles= breathing, coughing, sneezing Mumps= mucus Rubella= Airborne dropletts |
| Where are SQ injections usually given? | Triceps of the arm |
| What is the needle length for SQ injections? | 5/8 in |
| What does the meningococcal conjugate vaccine protect against? | Meningitis, bacterial infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord |
| MCV4= | meningococcal vaccine for 55 and younger |
| MPSV4= | meningococcal vaccine for 55+ |
| Meningitis is spread by? | Kissing, coughing |
| Meningitis symptoms | fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, fatigue, septicemia |
| What does conjugate mean? | Antigen is attached to protein to enhance reaction |
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) protects against? | Pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, otitis media, chest pain, respiratory problems |
| What medication is used for PCV13? | Prevnar13 |
| Polio vaccine (IPV) protects against? | Polio, a virus that enters thru the mouth |
| Symptom of polio? | paralysis |
| RV protects against? | rotavirus, severe diarrhea |
| What disease is associated with rotavirus? | Kawasaki disease |
| RV is spread by what? | fecal-oral route |
| Zostavax protects against? | Herpes zoster (shingles) |
| Symptoms of shingles? | Painful rash on one side of body, fevers, stomachaches |
| administration of zostavax? | Over the age of 55 |
| Varivax (Varicella, VAR)protects against? | chicken pox |
| Symptoms of chicken pox? | fever, rash, decreased appetite |
| Influenza vaccine protects against? | Flu |
| Influenza vaccine administration? | Yearly over 6mo, may need two doses if never received it before |
| Combo vaccines are? | Pentacel Pediarix Kinrix MMRV or ProQuad Twinrix |
| Pentacel contains? | DTaP, IVP, Hib |
| Pediarix contains? | DTap, IPV, Hep B |
| Kinrix contains? | DTap, IPV |
| MMRV or ProQuad contains? | MMR and Varicella |
| Twinrix contains? | Hep A and Hep B |
| Vaccines that need to be reconstituted? | -Pentacel -ProQuad -Varivax -MMR -Zostavax |
| Diluents can be? | Sterile water, sodium chloride |
| What should you do when you reconstitute? | Date and time when reconstituting took place, should be written on syringe |
| Frozen storage temp? | -50 to -15 Celsius |
| Refrigerated temp? | 2-8 Celsius |
Created by:
JenSaw77
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