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Pharm II Exam 1
Drugs Affecting the Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscarinic Agonists prototype? | Bethanechol |
| Bethanechol Routes? | Po(will need larger dose) or SQ(has more adr effects) |
| The antidote of Muscarinic Agonist toxicity? Why? | Atropine...it is a Muscarinic Antagonists and will indirectly give the opposite effect of Bethanechol. |
| Muscarinic Antagonists prototype? | Atropine |
| Atropine Routes? | Topical, PO, IV, IM, SQ |
| The antidote of Muscarinic Antagonists toxicity? | Physostigmine...it is an cholinesterase inhibitor, will stop the breakdown of ACh. |
| What two Muscarinic Antagonists drugs will tx OAB? | Tolterodine/Detrol (Get off the toilet) and Oxybutynin/Ditropan (stop the running) |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors Reversible prototype? | Neostigmine(short neo) |
| Neostigmine Routes? | PO(need larger dose), SQ, IV, IM. note that it cannot cross the BBB |
| What is the antidote for TX Cholinesterase Inhibitors Reversible OD? | Atropine...because it will stop the muscarinic receptor from being excessively stimulated. |
| What are the four treatment steps from irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors? | 1.Ventilation 2.Atropine(stimulate muscarinic) 3.Pralidoxime(reverse effects) 4.Diazepam |
| Prototype for Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers? | Tubocuraine |
| Tubocuraine Routes? | IV, IM |
| What is the antidote for Atropine OD | Physostigmine |
| What is the prototype for Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers? | Succinylcholine |
| Succinylcholine routes? | IV, IM |
| What enzyme breaks down Succinylcholine? | pseudocholinesterase |
| Cholinesterase inhibitors enhance the effects of Succinylcholine? | cholinesterase inhibitors delay the degradation of succinylcholine |
| Ganglionic Stimulating Agents prototype? | Nicotine |
| Nicotine Effects? | CV, CNS, GI, and Dependence |
| Ganglionic Blocking Agents prototype? | Mecamylamine |
| Catecholamines Drugs? | Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine and Isoproterenol |
| Noncatecholamine Drugs? | Ephdrine, Phenylephrine and terbutaline |
| Catecholamine Routes? | not PO, must be given by infusion |
| Adrenergic Agonist Prototype? | Epinephrine |
| Epinephrine activates which receptors? | Alpha 1-2 and Beta 1-2 |
| What Nursing Intervention should be done with Epinephrine given IV? | Monitor IV site for infiltration, could have loss of blood flow and cause necrosis. |
| Epinephrine Routes? | Topical, Injection and Inhalation |
| Norepinephrine activates which receptors? | Alpha 1-2, Beta 1 |
| Isoproternol activates which receptors? | Beta 1-2 |
| Dopamine activates which receptors? | Alpha 1, Beta 1 and Dopamine, dependent on the dose |
| Dobutamine activates which receptors? | Beta 1 |
| Prototype of Selective Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist? | Prazosin, blocks alpha 1 only |
| Prototype of Nonselective Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist? | Phentolamine, blocks alpha 1 and 2 |
| Phenoxybenzamine treats? | Phenochromocytoma |
| Prototype of Nonselective Beta Adrenergic Antagonist? | Propranolol, blocks beta 1 and beta 2 |
| Prototype of Selective Beta Adrenergic Antagonist? | Metoprolol |
| Drug interactions with Propranolol | Calcium Channel Blockers, can mask hypoglycemia |
| Types of Adrenergic neuron blocking agents? | Respirine and Guanethidine |
| Respirine treats? | hypertension, schizophrenia and psychotic patients. |
| Guanethidine treats? | hypertension only |
| Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist types? | Clondine and Methyldopa |
| Clondine treats? | hypertension and pain for cancer patients |
| Methyldopa treats? | Hypertension |
Created by:
aneshia
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