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A&P Ch. 1
An Intro to the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | To cut apart. The science of body structures and relationships. |
| Physiology | Nature of the body. The science of body functions. Structure/Functions. If the structure changes, so will the function. |
| Levels of Structural Organization & Body Systems | 1) Chemical level 2) Cellular level 3)Tissue level 4)Organ level 5)System level 6)Organism level |
| What are the 11 Systems of the human body? | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive |
| Components of Integumentary system... | Skin and associated structures (hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands) |
| Components of Skeletal system... | Bones, joints and associated cartilages. |
| Components of Muscular system... | Skeletal muscle (muscle used to attach to bones) (other muscles include smooth and cardiac) |
| Components of Nervous system... | Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as eyes and ears. |
| Components of Endocrine system | Hormone producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) |
| Components in Cardiovascular system... | Blood, heart, and blood vessels. |
| Components in Lymphatic system and Immunity... | Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Cells that carry out immune response (B cells, T cells, and others) |
| Components inf Respiratory system... | Lung, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes |
| Components of Digestive system... | Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus. Also includes organs that assist in digestive process, such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
| Components of Urinary system... | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
| Components of Reproductive system... | Gonads (testes and ovaries) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis. |
| Functions of Integumentary system... | Protect body Helps regulate body temp Eliminates some wastes helps make Vit D Detects sensations (touch, pain, warmth, cold) Stores fat and provides insulation |
| Functions of Skeletal system... | Supports and protects body Provides surface area for muscle attachments Aids body movements Houses cells that produce blood cells Stores minerals and lipids (fats) |
| Functions of Muscular system... | Participates in body movements Maintains posture Produces heat |
| Functions of Nervous system... | Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities Detects and interprets changes in bodies internal and external environments Responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions |
| Functions of Endocrine system... | Regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ) |
| Functions of Cardiovascular system... | Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells/carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells/helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend afainst disease |
| Functions of Lymphatic system... | Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes. |
| Functions of Respiratory system... | Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; Air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds. |
| Functions of Digestive system... | Physical and chemical breakdown of food Absorbs nutrients Eliminates solid wastes. |
| Functions of Urinary system... | Produces/Stores/Eliminates Urine Eliminates wastes Regulates chemical composition of blood Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids Maintains body's mineral balance Helps regulate production of red blood cells |
| Functions of Reproductive system... | Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism Gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes Associated organs transport and store gametes Mammary glands produce milk |
| Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques | Palpation Auscultation Percussion |
| Life processes in humans include... | Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction |
| What is Homeostasis? and How is it maintained? | A condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body's internal environment. Regulatory processes |
| What is the purpose of Extracellular Fluid? | The survival of our body cells is dependent on the precise regulation of the chemical composition of their surrounding fluid. |
| What happens during Homeostatic Imbalance? | Disease, disorder, and even death may result |
Created by:
AbbyLynn127
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