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Test 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
exothermic | reaction in which energy is released (explosions) |
endothermic | reaction in which energy is absorbed (cold pack) |
chemical reaction | process in which elements and/or compounds interact with one another to form more substances |
product | chemical(s) produced as a result of a chemical reaction |
reactant | starting material(s) in a reaction |
density | d=m/v |
mass | quantity of matter in an object |
matter | anything that has mass and volume |
quantity | something that has magnitude or size |
volume | space an object occupies |
weight | force of gravity acting on mass |
allotrope | one of the number of different molecular forms of an element |
atom | basic unit of matter |
element | one of 10 simplest substances from which more complex substances are made |
molecule | 2 or more atoms combined in a definite ratio, held together by covalent bonds, and is chemically neutral |
acid | class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with bases to form salts |
base | class of compounds: taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turns red litmus paper blue, and react with acids to form salts |
compound | pure substances composed of atoms from 2 or more different elements, ionic bonds (ex: water) |
mixture | collection of 2 or more pure substances physically mixed together (ex: chicken soup, rocks in sand, iced tea, kool aid) |
ion | atom or group of atoms with electrical charge (ex: Na^+) |
inorganic compound | compounds that lack the element carbon |
organic compound | compounds that contains element carbon |
pH | numerical scale (0-14) used to express acidity or basicity; 0-7 is acid, 7 is neutral, 7-14 is base |
chemical bond | force of attraction between different atoms that binds atom together |
energy | capacity to do some type of work |
heat | sum total of kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of the matter |
kinetic energy | energy an object has because of its motion |
potential energy | energy an object has because of its postition |
specific heat | amount of heat energy requires to raise temperature of 1g of a substance by 1K |
system | a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation |
temperature | measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of the matter |
hypothesis | reasonable and testable explanation of observations |
theory | well tested explanation of observation |
scientific law | description of natural world that has proven reliable over time |
accuracy | extent to which a measurement approaches true value of quantity |
precision | extent to which series of measurement of same quantity made in same way agree with one another |
solid | fixed volume, fixed shape, molecules vibrate slightly |
liquid | fixed volume, takes shape of container, particles can pass through each other |
gas | takes volume an shape of container, particles are rapid and random |
difference between weight and mass | weight is the force of gravity acting on mass, while mass is the quantity of matter in an object. |
physical change | change that affects only physical properties (ex: melting, boiling, freezing) |
chemical change | change that produces one or more new substances (ex: rusting, precipitation, released gas, emission of light, color change, glow stick) |
physical property | any property of matter that can be measured without changing its chemical nature (ex: mass, density, height, color, texture, boiling point) |
chemical property | property of matter that can be observed only when substances interact (ex: flammability, volatility, radioactivity) |
how are temperature and heat related? | heat is the sum of kinetic energy in a sample of the particles in the matter. temperature is the average kinetic energy in a sample of the particles in the matter. |