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Respiratory Phys 10
WVSOM -- Introduction to Pulmonary Function Testing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are lung volumes typically changed in emphysema? | emphysema increases lung volumes |
| How are lung volumes typically changed in pulmonary fibrosis? | fibrosis causes decreased lung volumes |
| How is airway resistance typically affected in emphysema? | Increased resistance due to loss of elastic fibers |
| How is airway resistance typically affected in pulmonary fibrosis? | increased resistance by increased radial traction |
| What are the two main categories of pulmonary function test? | ventilatory capacity and dection of hypoxemia |
| What are the two ways to test ventilatory capacity? | forced expiration and lung volumes |
| What are the 4 tests for detection of hypoxemia? | blood gases, V/Q scan, ventilation inequality and diffusion capacity |
| What are lung volumes like in obstructive lung disease? | large lung volumes |
| What is airway resistance like in obstructive lung disease? | increased airway resistance |
| What are lung volumes like in restrictive lung disease? | small lung volumes |
| What is airway resistance like in restrictive lung disease | normal airway resistance |
| What test differentiates from obstructive vs. restrictive disease? | forced expiration |
| What is measured from a forced expiration? | FEV1 and FVC |
| What is FEV1? | vol exhaled in 1st second |
| What is FVC? | total vol exhaled |
| What happens to FEV in obstructive disease? | decreased |
| What happens to FVC in obstructive disease? | decreased |
| What happens to FEV1 in restrictive disease? | decreased |
| What happens to FVC in restrictive disease? | decreased |
| What happens to the FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive disease? | decreased |
| What happens to the FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive disease? | normal or elevated |
| What is normal FEV1/FVC ration? | 0.8 |
| What factors determine the FEV1? | lung volume, airway resistance and airway collapse |
| What restricts FEV1 in obstructive disease? | increased airway resistance |
| What restricts FEV1 in restrictive disease? | low lung volume |
| What decreases FVC in obstructive disease? | earlier airway collapse |
| What decreases the FVC in restrictive disease? | low Total Lung Copacity |
| What is normal forced expiratory flow rate? | 3.5L/sec |
| Does Forced expiratory flow rate increase or decrease in obstructive disease? | decrease |
| Does forced expiratory flow rate increase or decrease in restrictive disease? | increase |
| What do you use to measure functional residual capacity? | helium dilution |
| Why is helium used to measure functional residual capacity? | it is nearly insoluble in blood |
| What tests are used to assess the presence or causes of hypoxemia? | blood gas measurement, ventilation-perfusion inequality and diffusion capacity |
| Why do you measure functional residual capacity? | needed for absolute lung volume |
| What is a V/Q scan? | identifies regional reductions in ventilation or perfusion |
| How do you measure the diffusion capacity? | Measure the rate of disappearance of CO from alveolar gas during a 10 sec breath hold |
| Under what situation does DLCO not work? | if there is regional inequality because CO doesn’t’ get to the alveoli |
| How can ventilation inequality be revealed? | by changes in expired N2 concentration following a single breat of pure O2 |
| What is expired N2 concentration with equal ventilation? | initially there is no nitrogen but then N2 concentration increases and plateus |
| What is expired N2 concentration with inequality of ventilation? | Initially there is no nitrogen but the concentration rises at the end of expiration |
| What is the DLCO in emphysema? | decreased |
| What is DLCO in astma and chronic bronichitis? | normal |
| What is DLCO in instersitial fibrosis? | decreased |
| What is DLCO in chest wall abnormality and neuromuscular problems? | normal DLCO |
Created by:
tjamrose
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