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LPN PHASE II 15-007
EXAM 2 REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is produced in the mitochondria from nutrients; capable of releasing energy that enables cells to work? | Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
| What is the role of Active transport? | No regard to + and – charge; moves against concentration gradients; requires energy; lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. |
| What substances are transported through the body in Active Transport? | Na, K, Ca, Fe, H, amino acids, insulin provides transport for glucose |
| The movement of substances through the cell membrane; that does NOT require energy? | Passive Transport |
| Diffusion, Osmosis and Filtration require energy and are apart of the Active Transport process? True or False | False; they are apart of Passive Transport and does not require energy to move substances through the cell membrane. |
| Describe Isotonic? | same osmotic pressure |
| Describe Hypertonic? | Solution of higher osmotic pressure |
| Describe Hypotonic? | Solution of lower osmotic pressure |
| Homeostasis causes the body to become what? | balanced, neutral state |
| What is the larger of the two compartments; and has fluid inside the cells within the body? | Intracellular |
| Describe the Extracellular compartment? | Any fluid outside the cells of the body |
| Interstitial, Intravascular and Plasma are apart of what compartment? | Extracellular |
| Fluid between the cells or in the tissues is? | Interstitial |
| Fluid within the vessels is? | Intravascular |
| What is the main anion of the extracellular fluid; an alkaline electrolyte; which regulates acid base balance and acts as a buffer to neutralize acids in the body (the kidneys regulate the amount of HCO3 by selectively retaining or secreting it)? | Bicarbonate (HCO3) |
| One of 3 systems that work to keep the body’s pH within the narrow range of normal; “chemical sponges”; circulate in pairs & neutralize excessive acids or bases by contributing or accepting hydrogen ions? | Buffer |
| What does mEq/L stand for? | Milliequivalents per liter. The measure of chemical activity or chemical combining power of an ion |
| What is the chief intracellular ion? | Potassium (K+) |
| What electrolyte does water follow in the body? | Sodium (Na) |
| In what electrolyte imbalances are Chvostek & Trousseau signs positive? | Hypocalcemia & Hypomagnesemia |
| If a client who is hypervolemic gained 4.4 pounds, how much fluid volume excess would he have? | 2 Liters |
| What is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis? | Vomiting |
| The client’s ABG values are: pH 7.30; PaCO2 25mmHg; O2 Sat 98%; PaO2 75mmHg; HCO3 20mmHg. What acid-base disturbance might he be experiencing? | Metabolic Acidosis |
| What is a Barium Enema? | a rectal infusion of barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast medium, retained in the lower intestinal tract (diagnostic studies) helps dx obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, (ulcerative colitis). |
| Procedure that is used therapeutically in children to reduce nonstrangulated intussusceptions; aka contrast enema? | Barium Enema |
| Oral administration of a radiopaque barium sultate suspension given to radiographically demonstrate possible defects in the esophagus & abnormal borders of the posterior aspects of the heart? | Barium Swallow |
| What is a bronchoscopy? | visual examination of the larynx, trachea, bronchi using a standard rigid, tubular metal bronchoscope or a narrower, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. |
| What is a Chest X-ray? | A radiographic study (by film or digitalized imaging) |
| A procedure that is done for examination of the colon (anus-cecum)? | Colonoscopy |
| The inspection of the rectum & sigmoid colon by the aid of a sigmoidoscope? | Sigmoidoscopy |
| Fiberoptic colonoscopy use what for this colon explorative procedure? | It uses fiberoptic technology |
| Describe a Endoscopy? | the visualization of the interior of organs & cavities of the body with an endoscope; (GI structures visible incL the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas). |
| Exploratory procedure that can obtain samples for cytological & histological examination to follow the course of disease (ex: assessment of the healing of gastric & duodenal ulcers). | Endoscopy |
| What blood speciman is obtained by peripheral blood? | CBC (Complete Blood Count) |
| A non-invasive xray with contrast dye. Used to examine the abdomen, brain, chest, heart? | CT Scan (Computed Tomography Scan) |
| A Cystoscopy explores the? | Urethra and Bladder |
| A lab test involving a special culture medium? | Culture |
| The study of cells? | Cytology |
| Describe and Echocardiogram? | |
| Expectorate | |
| Fixative | |
| What is a GTT? | Glucose Tolerance Test; |
| Fixative | |
| IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram) | |
| Lumbar Puncture | |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance imaging |
| Midstream Urine Speciman | |
| Occult | |
| Paracentesis | |
| Residual Urine | |
| Sensitivity | |
| Upper Gastrointestional Series (UGI) | |
| Urinalysis (UA) | |
| What is the LPN’s role in collecting specimens? | Patient preparation; Patient knowledge; Preparing supplies & equipment; Patient care during procedures; Post procedure care |
Created by:
ktrocket26
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