Autonomic Nervous System 1

Question	Answer
In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of the eyes?	N III
In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls salivation?	N. IX
In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of trachea and bronchi	N. X
In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do?	Constrict
In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do?	Constriction of trachea and bronchi
n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do?
n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do?	Increased motility and secretions, promoting digestion, relaxation of the sphincters
n the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the arteries and veins do?	Decreased blood pressure and redistribution of blood flow toward the GI tract
Where do the parasympathetic nerves originate?	N. III, VII, IX and X, and sacral (S2 and S4) sections of the spinal cord
In the parasympathetic nervous system, where are the ganglia or plexuses in relation to the end organs?	Close to the end organs
In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons long or short?	Long
In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons long or short?	Short
In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated?	Mostly myelinated
In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated?	Generally unmyelinated
What neurotransmitter does the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?	acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter does the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?	acetylcholine
What are the muscarinic effects on the parasympathetic nerves?	SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia)
Which is longer, parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves?	sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves
Which is shorter parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves?	parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves
Why are parasympathetic nervous transmissions faster?	The pre-ganglionic nerve is longer and myelinated, therefore the signal travels most of the distance on the myelinated nerve, which is faster.
Which symptoms would you expect if parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?	SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia), Except diaphoresis
Which symptoms would you expect if the parasympathetic nervous system is blocked?	Dry mouth (decreased salivation), urinary retention, constipation, overheating (decreased sweating), increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, less mucous production
A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. Is this combination likely?	Yes, SLUDGE-BBB, so it is stimulation of the parasympathetic system
A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. What type of drug was it?	Muscarinic agonist
A child ate some berries and shows tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth and diarrhea. Is this possible?	No, the diarrhea is not consistent
In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do?	Dilate (to see better)
In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do?	Relaxation of trachea and bronchi to facilitate respiration
n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do?	Increased heart rate and force of beating
n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do?	Decreased motility and sphincter constriction
n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the arteries and veins do?	vasoconstriction in the viscera and skin; vasodilation in skeletal muscle
Where do the sympathetic nerves originate?	T1 to T12, L1, and L2
n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the sweat glands do?	increased secretion
n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the piloerctor muscles do?	Constriction
n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the adipose tissue do?	Increased lipolysis
What vertebrate are included in the paravertebral chain?	T1-L2
What vertebrate are included in the prevertebral chain?	1-3
In the sympathetic nervous system, what does the metabolism do?
Where do the sympathetic nerves synapse?	In paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia, or in adrenal medulla
What neurotransmitter do the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release?	acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter do the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release?	Norepinephrine
What is the dominant nervous system branch in the heart, and what is the effect?	Parasympathetic, decreased heart rate
What is the dominant nervous system branch in the bronchi, and what is the effect?	Parasympathetic, constricted
What is the dominant nervous system branch in the ciliary muscle and what is the effect?	Parasympathetic, accommodation
What is the dominant nervous system branch in the veins and arterioles and what is the effect?	Sympathetic, constriction of the visceral and skin, dilation of the skeletal
What is the dominant nervous system branch in the GI tract and what is the effect?	Parasmpathetic, increased motility
Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic nervous symptom is stimulated by a drug?	Increased bp; tachycardia; accommodation; decreased motility, salivation, urination, bronchodilation, increased sweating, higher inotropy, dilation of veins in skeletal muscle, constriction of veins in viscera and skin, mydriasis,
Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic NS is blocked by a drug?	Decrease in bp, decrease in heart rate, difficulty breathing, diarrhea
Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic terminals?	norephinephrine
Which neurotransmitter is released by most preganglionic sympathetic terminals?	acetylcholine
What does activation of the parsympathetic nevous system do to blood pressure?	It activates the orthostatic reflex
What is the orthostatic reflex?	BP low at the baroreceptors causes activation of the sypathetic nervous system, heart rate increase and conractility increase and vasoconstriction of the skin, causing bp to rise
What is orthostatic hypotension?	The orthostatic reflex does not kick in and you get dizzy and may faint
Which nervouse system couse salivation and secretion of digestive juices when you smell food?	parasympathetic
Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in the parsympathetic division of the ANS?	acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division of the ANS?	acetylcholine

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