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# ADV.D04 Ch12 Hndl
# ADV.D04 Ch12 - Specimen Handling, Transport, Processing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These lab specimens are not centrifuged | hematology, coagulation |
| Aliquot | small sample of a specimen |
| Photosensitive | affected by light |
| Critical laboratory value | A blood value that is very low or very high. Doctor must be notified immediately upon finding such a blood value. |
| Pneumatic tube system | Transport method used to send specimens through a pipe system internally between departments. |
| Turn around time (TAT) | The time it takes to complete the phlebotomy and report the results. |
| Patient variables | Factors that can change the blood values such as: diet, age, diurnal changes, stress |
| Transportation and handling variables | Factors that can change blood values after phlebotomy and before testing. These can be temperature, exposure to light, delays in testing, improper storage temperatures, etc. |
| Variable, variables | A variable is a factor of the environment or of the patient that has the potential of altering the value of the blood analytes. |
| Specimen processing and storage variables | factors of preparing and preserving specimens such as exposure to light, over centrifugation, storage at wrong temperature, etc. |
| Specimen variables | Factors regarding the blood specimen that was collected such as: too little blood in the tube, hemolysis due to shaking the blood while mixing, inadequate mixing of anticoagulant. |
| Labeling the specimen | All specimens must have the patient name, ID#, time and date of collection, your initials |
| Thermolabile | affected by temperature either hot or cold |
| Precentrifugation | Specimen processing and handling before it is centrifuged. This includes blood drawing and transport to the laboratory. |
| Normal blood clotting in tubes can take | 30 – 60 minutes |
| Clot activators | particles of silica or glass or the chemical thrombin. These help activate the clotting process and can shorten the clotting time by 15 to 30 minutes. |
| Aerosol | Small microscopic spray of particles released when the tube caps are removed. |
| Centrifugation | The process of spinning blood specimens |
| Thixotropic gel | A gel material that has liquid properties when agitated or stressed under centrifugation. This allows separation of plasma or serum from the cellular components of blood. It returns to a gel state after centrifugation stops. |
| Centrifuge Safety | Balance tubes, keep tube caps in place, do not open centrifuge until it stops completely |
| How many time can you centrifuge a blood sample | once |
| Postcentrifugation | Handling and processing of specimens after centrifugation. This includes preparation for testing, storage at proper temperature. |
| Serum or plasma can remain in contact with blood cells | As soon as possible but, no longer than |
| Room temperature is | 22oC, 25oC |
| Refrigerator storage temperature is | 2oC - 8oC |
| If testing cannot be done within 48 hours you preserve specimens at | -20oC |
| Plasma should not be repeatedly frozen and thawed because… | This can activate clotting factors. |
| Differential smears must be made within ______ after drawing the blood. | One hour |
| When can you centrifuge anticoagulated specimens? | Immediately |
| Fasting | No food or drink for 8-12hrs. Small amounts of water are OK. |
| What affect does warfarin, Coumadin, and heparin have on the blood specimen? | Prevents blood clotting |
| Anticoagulant | a chemical that prevents blood clotting. These are used to preserve whole blood in specimen tubes and also used in patients to prevent internal blood clotting. |
| Centrifugation | specimen handling/processing during centrifugation. The process of using centrifugal force to separate the liquid portion of blood from the formed elements. |
| Formed elements | the cellular component of blood. These are the RBC, WBC, and PLT. |
| Important centrifuge rules | (1) use proper speed & time, (2) do not open until the centrifuge has stopped completely, (3) monitor the temperature on temperature controlled centrifuges |
| Specimen priority (prioritization) | ` STAT (within 15 minutes), TDM (exact time before and after a drug is given), Routine (bloodwork required upon admission), ASAP (when you have the time) |
| Pneumatic tube system | a system of tube containers that travel through a pipe system inside of a facility/laboratory |
| laboratory reports must contain | Patient ID & location, (2) collection information (venous, capillary, nonfasting, etc.) (3) Normal ranges for the test result (4) Test results with the proper units of concentration |
| Why can specimens be rejected for testing | the label and requisition do not match, inadequate volume of blood, wrong tube, hemolyzed specimen, expired tube, drawn at the wrong time/date |
| Mixing blood tubes | gently tilting 5 to 10 times. Do not shake. Shaking can cause hemolysis. |
| Common specimens that need to be chilled | ammonia, blood gases, catecholamines, gastrin, lactic acid, parathyroid hormone, pyruvate |
| common specimens that need to be transported at body temperature | called agglutinins, Cryofibrinogen, Cryoglobulins |
| lipemia | the presence of fats in the blood |
| shipping biohazardous specimens | (1) must have leakproof inner container, (2) must have a strong secondary outer container, (3) Must have biohazard symbol on the outer container visible on all four sides of the container. |
Created by:
rjmtoss
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