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Bcom MBM Year 2 S2
Marketing Research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Outline each of the stages in the research process. (Explain) | Begin with an idea, refine that idea. State research problem/statement. Specify aims and objectives. Literature review. Select methodology. Devise data collection methods. Gather data. Analyse data. Draw conclusions. Complete write-up of thesis/report. |
| What is an aim? | An aim is a general statement of what you intend to accomplish. |
| What are objectives? | Objectives specify how you intend to accomplish this aim. |
| Can your research question and aim be the same and why? | They can be the same for simplicity reasons. |
| Explain the first framework. | Conceptual framework: Is contained in the one-sentence research question or statement which you, as the researcher, develop from your reflection on your research idea and from your reading of the literature published in the area of your research. |
| What does a research statement do? | A simple research statement clearly expresses your idea for your research project and it becomes the conceptual framework. |
| Where is the proposed research methodology normally indicated in? | The proposed research methodology is normally indicated in the research statement, e.g. case study. |
| What needs to be done before an appropriate research question/statement can be made? | You have to have read some of the literature before you can fully and thoroughly outline a research question or statement for the research project. |
| What is an aim? | An aim is a general statement of what you intend to accomplish. |
| What are objectives? | Objectives specify how you intend to accomplish this aim. |
| Can your research question and aim be the same and why? | They can be the same for simplicity reasons. |
| Explain the first framework. | Conceptual framework: Is contained in the one-sentence research question or statement which you, as the researcher, develop from your reflection on your research idea and from your reading of the literature published in the area of your research. |
| What does a research statement do? | A simple research statement clearly expresses your idea for your research project and it becomes the conceptual framework. |
| Where is the proposed research methodology normally indicated in? | The proposed research methodology is normally indicated in the research statement, e.g. case study. |
| What needs to be done before an appropriate research question/statement can be made? | You have to have read some of the literature before you can fully and thoroughly outline a research question or statement for the research project. |
| Define "ethics" in market research. | Ethics can be defined as a process of reasoning in terms of the right thing to do. |
| Name two questions that should be asked in each stage of the research project in order to practice ethics. | What are the potential harms/risks that might arise from the research and from the manner in which you engage with the research and the standard set for the research? |
| Which framework does the ethics of a research project become part of? | The reflects on the ethical issues in each phase of the research process and the ethical reflection becomes part of the methodological framework of the research project. |
| Define "ethics" in business research. | Ethics can be also be defined as the moral principles governing the conduct of an individual, a group or an organisation. |
| Explain ethics in business research. | Ethics in business research is simply the application of ethical principles and the standards to business research. |
| What is essential in ethics in business research? | Essential in ethics and ethical standards is a capacity to distinguish between right and wrong. |
| Why is ethics important in research? | When we undertake research, we are representing ourselves and our institution or the wider community and must consequently adopt in our research endeavour the highest ethical standards. |
| To undertake research ethically, we must...? (2) | 1. Understand the basic concepts of research. 2. Understand the basic steps in the research process. |
| Name the six ethical principles in research. | Do no harm. Integrity. Plagiarism. Validity. Power. Transparency. |
| Name the two important and basic precepts in research ethics and name the two basic aspects of these precepts. | Two important and basic precepts in research ethics are those of confidentiality and anonymity and two aspects of these precepts are those of informed consent and data protection. |
| Define "confidentiality". | Confidentiality refers to the guarantee of non-disclosure of certain information. |
| Define "anonymity". | Anonymity means free from identification. |
| Define "informed consent". | Informed consent is an agreement given by a person to participate in some action, after being informed of the possible consequences. |
| Name two reasons why development of information sheets and informed consent forms are constructed. | Development of information sheets and informed consent forms usually happens when the research is complex and as a requirement of a Research Ethics Committee. |
| Name and explain 4 ethical issues in research. | Privileged access: access individual/site provides advantage to those in securing access. Intrusion: unwarranted engagement on a person/place. Vulnerable populations: populations which have are vulnerable (social position/age). Gather unnecessary data. |
| What are research ethics committees? | These are committees made up of people appointed by the organisation to oversee the ethical standards of research conducted within the organisation. |
| Define "literature review". | Always undertaken in order to embed the researcher and research project in the body of knowledge. |
| State the two important explanations to the second framework. | 1. This is contained in the literature review undertaken and written for the research project. 2. The key concepts in the conceptual framework help to guide the researcher towards an appropriate structure and the content for the literature review |
| What guides you in terms of the literature you need to begin to read? | Your idea for your research project guides you in terms of the literature you need to begin to read. |
| What is literature? | In the context of research projects, literature is research that has already been carried out and published. |
| Name a few examples of appropriate literature. | Appropriate literature is literature that has been published in journal articles, in books, in government papers and reports, in theses, in reports of conference proceedings. |
| What framework is contained in the literature review? | The literature review contains the theoretical framework for the research project. |
| What needs to be done before an appropriate research question/statement can be made? | You have to have read some of the literature before you can fully and thoroughly outline a research question or statement for the research project. |
| Name four reasons why a researcher reads literature. | Understand the area within which they are conducting their research. Develop some knowledge and expertise in this area. Develop an awareness of what is known in this area. Identify gaps in the knowledge in this area. |
| Within the literature review, where could a researcher get ideas for a research project and why? | In general, published accounts of research projects make recommendations for further research and these recommendations are useful places to explore when attempting to develop an idea for a research project. |
| Name the 4 steps in undertaking a literature review. | The researcher first sources the literature. Then s/he downloads and saves the literature. Then s/he reads the literature. Finally, s/he begins to construct from the literature s/he has read the theoretical framework for their research project. |
| What is a sample literature review? | A sample literature review, which is what you are required to write for a research proposal is a sample, or a small example of the actual or proposed literature review. |
| How many words should a sample literature review contain? | 300-800, depending on word count for research proposal. |
| Name four reasons why a researcher undertakes a literature review. | To develop their own expertise or scholarship. To establish the known/unknown in the field. To highlight gaps in the knowledge of the field. To be able to create a theoretical framework for the research project. |
| When does the researcher read literature? | Even though its the fourth stage, it begins as soon as the research is undertaken by the researcher and continues throughout the project. |
| What is the first thing to do in terms of writing the literature review? | The first thing to do in terms of writing the literature review is to develop a plan for its structure. |
| What is the structure for a literature review? | Good introduction and a good summary; the use of sub-sections with good sub-headings; the use of proper paragraphs and proper sentences; the elimination of spelling, syntax, grammatical and punctuation errors. |
| What is the structure for a literature review? | Introduction. Sub-headings (2-5). Summary. |
| What is the reader trying to establish when reading a literature review? | The researcher is trying to establish the value of the literature in relation to their own research. |
| Define "methodology". | The way in which the research is carried out, as means of supporting the philosophical assumptions that underpin the research project. |
| State the three important explanations to the third framework. | 1. Contained in the research methodology section of the report. 2. This contains all the information and detail relating to the methods used in the research project. 3. It is a complete thorough account of how the research was carried out. |
| What are social research paradigms and what do they include? | These are called research methodologies and they include survey, case study, ethnography, oral history, action research, phenomenology, grounded theory, content analysis, and semiotics. |
| Where is the proposed research methodology normally indicated in? | The proposed research methodology is normally indicated in the research statement, e.g. case study. |
| Oralise the methodological triangle. | Fundamental philosophies. Research methodologies. Data collection methods. |
| Define "population". | The population of a study is all of the individuals,Items or Units relevant to the study. The population comprises individuals, groups, organizations, documents, campaigns, incidents etc. |
| Distinguish between primary and secondary data. | A primary source is a first-hand account of an experience or a phenomenon = by a person who has had the experience. A secondary source is a second-hand account of an experience. |
| What is observation in research? | Observation in research means watching or observing some action/activity and recording it in some manner. |
| Name and explain the 3 kinds of observation. | 1) Observation: observes participants, recorded observation = data. 2) participant observation: researcher is part of activity, recorded observation = data. 3) Covert observation: secret from participants. Ethically problematic,recorded observation = data |
| Name and describe the 5 types of interviews. | 1) One to one interview: in-depth interview. 2) Group interview: group at same time. 3) Telephone interview: over phone. 4) Online interview: using internet. 5) Photo-elicitation interview: discussion of photo or series of photos. |
| What is a pilot study? | A pilot study is a test of the design of the research project, data gathering instruments designed for the research.All data gathering methods should be tested. |
| Why is a pilot study conducted? | To find out how participants will respond to research in reality. |
| Name the four frameworks. | Conceptual framework. Theoretical framework. Methodological framework. Analytical framework. |
| Define "the four frameworks approach". | An approach to carrying out research whereby the conceptual framework shapes, supports and directs the other three frameworks. |
| State two points on the relationship between the four frameworks and the research projects. | Provides simple framework to guide researchers in the development and completion of research projects. As shown on the previous slide, the conceptual framework for the research project informs and shapes the three subsequent frameworks. |
| Name where each of the frameworks are contained. | Conceptual framework = research statement, question or hypothesis. Theoretical framework contained in literature review. Methodological framework contained in methodology section. Analytical framework contained in data analysis presented in thesis. |
| Explain the relationship between the conceptual and theoretical framework? | If the word “development” appears in the conceptual framework, it will be a major feature of the theoretical framework. |
| What is plagiarism? | Plagiarism is the use and or presentation of somebody else’s work or ideas as your own. |
| How can one avoid plagiarism? | You can avoid an accusation of plagiarism by properly referencing everything that you take from any and every source and then use in your own writing or in any work that you present as your own. |
| Explain the format for a research proposal. | Heading. Research question/statement. Aim and objectives. Sample literature review. Research methodology. (sub) Population of the study. (sub) Data collection methods. (sub) context for the research. Rationale for the research. |
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