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Chemistry Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anything that has mass and occupies space. Substances that can either be elements or compounds. | Matter |
| Pure substances, they can't be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances. | Elements |
| Chemical combinations of two or more elements. | Compounds |
| 12 Elements 0.7% of the body's weight. | Trace Elements. |
| Capacity to do work. to put matter into motion | Energy |
| Human body has energy stored in bonds of molecules called-- | Potential energy |
| Energy in motion | Kinetic Energy |
| An ionic species having a negative charge | Anion |
| Atoms having a positive charge | Cations |
| Chemical substances that speed up the rate of a reaction. | Catalyst |
| Results when two or more substances blend together rather than chemically combined. Each substance retains its own chemical property and because they're not chemically combined, the substances can be separated. | Mixture |
| What is a Solution? | Called a Solute, dissolved in a more abundance substance usually water. Example- Sugar in water. |
| What is a Colloid? | Change from liquid to gel. Particles are small enough to stay permanently mixed, but large enough so that the mixture is cloudy. |
| What is Suspension? | Contains large particles, making it cloudy or even opaque. If allowed to stand, the particles will separate and settle at the bottom of the container. |
| Metabolism is | Anabolism and Catabolism |
| What is anabolism? | Involves building larger and more complex chemical molecules, chemical reactions require energy input |
| What is catabolism? | Breaking down complex compounds into simpler ones, breaking of chemical bonds releasing energy. |
| 96% of the human body consists of what 4 elements? | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen |
| What is an Atom? | An atom is the basic unit of an element. An atom is a form of matter which may not be further broken down using any chemical means. |
| What are 3 types of Atoms? | Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
| Where are protons,neutrons, and electrons located? | They are packed together in the center of the atom, called the nucleus. Protons carry the positive charge. Neutrons carry the neutral charge. and Electrons carry the negative charge. |
| How does Radiation Therapy work to treat cancer? | Radioactive Isotopes emits particles as they break down. When those particles strike atoms in living cells they injure or kill the cells. |
| Ions | Sometimes atoms gain or lose electrons. The atoms then lose or gain a negative charge. These atoms are then called Ions. Electrically charged |
| Electrolyte | An electrolyte is a substance that ionizes when dissolved in suitable ionizing solvents such as water. |
| Catabolism? | Breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy. |
| What happens during anabolism? | When the body creates new cells to replace the old worn-out cells, as well as repairing damaged cells. |
| Why is water important to the body? | 60% of body weight is water |
| What is a compound? | When 2 or more elements combine to create a new substance that has it's own chemical properties |
| What is a mixture? | Results when 2 or more substances blend together rather than chemically combine. Each substance retains it's own chemical properties. |
| What is the difference between compound and mixture? | A mixture involves more than 1 compound lumped together but a compound is a single substance. Difference is in the number. |
| There are 3 types of mixtures what are they? | Solution, Colloid. Suspension. |
| What is an Acid? | Any substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water. |
| What is a Base? | Base/Alkaline compounds are called acceptors. Bases balance out acids by "accepting" excess hydrogen ions. |
| Where does acid/base fall on the pH scale and why? | The acidity or alkalinity of a substance expressed in terms of pH. The scale ranges from 0-14 0-6.6 is acidic 6.7-7.7 is neutral 7.7.5 is basic (alkaline) |
| Where does water,blood,gastric acid,lemon juice fall in the pH level? | Water- 7.0 = Neutral Blood- 7.3-7.5 = Basic Gastric Acid - 0.9-3.0 = Acidic Lemon Juice - 2.3 = Acidic |
Created by:
kayley911
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