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ES11 Exam Vocab
Vocab for Es11 final exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Riparian areas | the interface between land and a river or stream |
| Water Cycle | processes of which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land, involving precipitation as rain and snow. |
| Watershed | area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, and basins |
| Stream order | used to define stream size based on a hierarchy of tributaries |
| Divide | Tallest part of a watershed where water with flow either into one watershed or another (usually the tip of a mountain or ridge). |
| groundwater discharge/recharge | discharge - water exiting the ground, into a lake, river, or ocean recharge - Water entering the ground and becoming groundwater, most likely from rain |
| Uplands | The higher area in a watershed |
| Sewage | waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers |
| Point-source pollution | water pollution that comes from a single, discrete place, typically a pipe |
| Non-point source pollution | Non-point source (NPS) pollution refers to both water and air pollution from diffuse sources. |
| B.O.D. | amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material |
| Preliminary sewage treatment | the removal of coarse solids and other large materials often found in raw wastewater |
| Primary sewage treatment | the removal of settleable organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation, and the removal of materials that will float |
| Secondary sewage treatment | the further treatment of the left over product of primary treatment to remove the residual organics and suspended solids |
| Tertiary sewage treatment | Taking out specific wastewater constituents which cannot be removed by secondary treatment must be removed |
| Monitoring | Observing a area for study, you make no change to the area |
| field experiments | Experiments and text in the field |
| Baseline data | Data given before starting the experiment and is often referred to in order to see changes |
| Refrence site | The Site in which is not changed and you can refer to in order to see changes in the treatment site |
| Treatment site | The site in which the change is occurring |
| Biodiversity | Variety of life and different organisms in a certain environment |
| Habitat | The home in a environment in which a animal lives |
| Biome | Large habitat, which is one type such as tundra, and rainforest |
| Biotic | Living organisms |
| Abiotic | non-living organisms |
| Ecosystem | community of interacting organisms |
| Species richness | number of different species represented in a community |
| species evenness | how close in numbers each species in an environment |
| Simpsons diversity index | A calculation showing the biodiversity in a area. Number is between 0 and 1 and the high the number is the higher the diversity is. |
| Keystone species | a species which other species in an ecosystem depend on to live |
| invasive/exotic species | A non-native species that has a negative effect on our environment |
| Chemical control | use of pesticides, this can kill or inhibit the process of the pest |
| mechanical control | control of pests by physical means, such as the use of a barrier |
| biological control | control of pests with the introduction of a new predator. |
| forest structure | different levels of the forest |
| canopy | The very top of the trees and forest |
| understory | Between canopy and forest floor, this is where the majority of the branches are |
| forest floor | the floor of the forest |
| anatomy of trees (crown, trunk, roots) | Crown - The very top Trunk - the middle (below the top but above the floor) Roots - (under ground, under the forest floor) |
| 5 layers of wood | 1) Outer bark 2) inner bark 3) cambium layer 4) sapwood 5) heartwood |
| springwood | softer portion of the annual ring of wood |
| summerwood | harder portion of the annual ring of wood, this develops late in the season. |
| annual ring | A new layer of wood made each year consisting of springwood and summerwood |
| increment borer | A tool used to take samples of a tree to determine age, and to see if a tree has core rot |
| DBH Tape | A double sided tape to determine the diameter Brest height |
| Clinometer | a tool used to measure angle and elevation of slopes |
| Crown Class | The different classes for heights of trees, this includes: dominant, co-dominant, intermediate, and suppressed |
| Fixed Plot | A plot fixed to a measurement that data recording is made in. |
| Basal Area | used to determine amount of tree stems in a area |
| BAF Prism | Glass used to determine number of "in trees" and "borderline trees" |
| "In trees" and "borderline trees" | "In trees" is a tree trunk that does not disconnect or is separate from the rest of the tree, "Borderline trees" are just connected but if it was a inch more away it would be out. |
| Stocking standard | Amount of trees in a area |
| Horizontal distance | distance between points anywhere on a horizontal plane. |
| survey techniques/terms | random sampling (taking random samples) , baseline, transect (taking samples along a line), quadrat (taking a sampling inside of a square), population, percent cover survey |
| Hydric soils | soil which is permanently saturated by water |
| Hydrophytic plants | a plant that grows partly or wholly in water |
| hydrology | branch of science dealing with earth's water |
| pollution tolerant | A species that is tolerant to pollution |
| pollution intolerant | A species that is not tolerant to pollution |
| CPOM | Coarse Particulate Organic Matter |
| FPOM | Fine Particulate Organic Matter |
| DBH | Diameter Brest Height |
| Predators | Animals preying or hunter others |
| River continuum | used for classifying and describing flowing water |
| Fish per net hour | Calculation for how many fish where caught per hour in a net |
| Lethal vs. live trapping (gill net vs. trap net) | Lethal is a net that catches and kills, while live trapping takes the fish and keeps it alive and in a cage |
| salmonids vs. non-salmonids | Salmonids are in the salmon family and all have a adipose fin, non-salmonids have no adipose fin |
| Thermocline | a steep temperature gradient in a body of wate |
| Biomass | total mass of organisms in a given area |
| Pitfall traps | traps in the ground in which arthropods fall into anti-freeze and taking in for recording |
| edge effect | the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats |
| Tree/Shrub/Ford | Tree Shrub - taller then ford easily breakable stem Ford - close to the ground |
| Sedge/Rush/Grass | Sedge - Rush - Grass - |
| Opposite leaf pattern | leafing coming out right beside each other |
| Alternate leaf pattern | leafs coming out at a alternating style |
| Simple Leaf Vs. Compound leaf | Simple Leaf - One leaf Compound leaf - many small leaflets joined to one stem |
| SPAM | Simple Particle Achievable Measurable |
Created by:
Wgemmell
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