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LD ES - Ch 9

LD Earth Science - Chapter 9 - The Water Cycle and Climate

TermDefinition
Adiabatic Change in the temp. of a gas by expansion or compression
Angle of insolation Angle of sun above the horizon
Capillarity Ability of a soil to draw water upwards into tiny pores
Capillary water Water held within the aerated zone of the soil above the water table
Climate Average weather conditions over many years
Continental climate Climate in which there are large seasonal changes in temp. due to absence of nearby bodies of water that could moderate the climate
Duration of insolation Length of time from sunrise to sunset that the sun is in the sky
El Nino Conditions in the Pacific Ocean when seasonal upwelling of deep equatorial water does not follow its usual pattern (can lead to unusual weather)
Greenhouse effect Process by which infrared heat waves are trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by gases such as CO2 and Methane
Greenhouse gases Gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and affect Earth's climates
Groundwater Water that infiltrates the ground
Infiltrate Water that seeps into the ground
Insolation Electromagnetic energy that Earth receives from the sun; "Incoming solar radiation"
Insolation-temperature lag Time delay between max or min insolation and max or min air temp.
Leeward Downward side of mountain range (usually with less precipitation)
Maritime climate Climate in which seasonal temp. changes are moderated by a large body of water
Permeability Ability of soil to transmit H2O
Planetary wind belts Latitude zone of prevailing wind conditions caused by uneven heating of Earth and its rotation
Porosity Portion/Percent of empty space within fractured rock or soil
Radiative balance Equilibrium between absorbed radiant energy and radiant energy given off
Reflected Process by which energy waves bounce off a surface or interface
Runoff Precipitation that is unable to infiltrate soil, so it moves toward streams
Transpiration Process by which living plants release water vapor top the atmosphere
Vertical ray Sunlight that strikes the Earth from directly overhead
Water Cycle Hydrologic Cycle; , The continuous movement of water from Earths surface to the atmosphere to the land and back to the surface
Water Table Boundary at the top of the saturated zone within fractured bedrock or soil
Watershed Drainage Basin; The geographic area in which water drains into a particular body of water
Windward Side of the mountain range where air is forced to rise; Leading to cloud formation and precipitation
Zone of aeration Soil above the water table in which most of the inter connected pores are filled with air
Zone of saturation Fractured rock or soil below the water table in which the pores are filled with groundwater
Created by: desilva13
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