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Book I, Chapter 1

Atmosphere

TermDefinition
atmosphere Earth's air, which is made up of a thin layer of gases, solids, and liquids forms a protective layer around the planet and is divided into five distinct layers.
troposphere Layer of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the ground, contains 99 percent of the water vapor and 75 percent of the atmospheric gases.
ionosphere Layer of electrically charged particles in the thermosphere that absorbs AM radio waves during the day and reflects them back at night.
ozone layer Layer of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone; absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
ultraviolet radiation A type of energy that comes to Earth from the Sun, can damage skin and cause cancer, and is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Group of chemical compounds used in refrigerators, air conditioners, foam packaging, and aerosol sprays that may enter the atmosphere and destroy ozone.
radiation Energy transferred by waves or rays.
conduction Transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into each other.
convection Transfer of heat by the flow of material.
hydrosphere All the waters of Earth.
condensation Process in which water vapor changes to a liquid.
Coriolis effect Causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's rotation.
jet stream Narrow belt of strong winds that blows near the top of the troposphere.
sea breeze Movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise.
land breeze Movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler, denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea.
Created by: tferraro
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