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Pharmacology Unit7&8
Pharm Notes(Antifungal/Antiviral)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antifungal Drugs? | selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host. |
| Systemic Fungal Infections? Treatment? | fungal infections that infect the entire body. Can affect immunocompromised or any host. Treatment is difficult and prolonged. Three types of drugs. |
| Amphotericin B? Use?(1) Toxic(1) Action?(1) Adverse Reactions?(2) | Amp: important but dangerous.(systemic) Use: fatal infections. Toxic:renal damage. Act:acts on fungi cell membranes. no bacteria. ADR: Shake and Bake(fever/chills). |
| Ketoconazole? Use?(1) Adverse Effects?(2) Drug-Drug Interaction?(1) | Nizoral: safer and less toxic.(systemic) Use: alternative for Amphotericin B. ADR: Hepatotoxicity and effects of sex hormones. Drug-Drug: Rifampin(tx TB) reduces levels. |
| Flucytosin? Combination? Adverse Effects?(2) | Anocobon: resistance is common. Combo: almost always with Amphotericin B. ADR: Hematologic and Hepatoxicity. |
| Superficial Fungal Infections? | Fungal infections that infect the mucous membranes, skin, scalp, hair and nails. can be caused by Candida. Five Types of drugs. |
| Dermatophytes? | skin, hair and nails. |
| Dermatophytic Infections? Treatment? | ringworm in skin, hair and nails. Tx: Griseofulvin. |
| Vulvovaginal Candidiasis? Treatment? | vaginal yeast. TX:topical meds used for 1-3 days |
| Oral Candidiasis? Treatment? | Thrust. TX: if pt has thrust and is immunocompromised will need systemic drugs. |
| Onychomycosis? Treatment? | yeast in nails. TX: difficult and prolong treatment. may take 3-6 months. |
| Azoles? Use?(2) Adverse Effects?(4) | used for superficial and systemic. ADR: erythema, edema peeling and itching. |
| Griseofulvin? Administration?(1) Use?(1) Adverse Effects?(4) | Admin: given oral for superficial fungus. Use: for dermatophytic infections. ADR: ha, rash, insomnia and GI. |
| Polyene Antibiotics(Amphotericin B)? Use?(1) | Use: candida of the skin. |
| Nystatin? Use? | drug of choice for intestinal candida and candida infections of skin, mouth, esophagus and vagina. |
| Butenafine? Use? | Mentax: topical for Tinea Pedis(athlete's foot) |
| Antiviral Drugs? | ability to treat viruses. however its difficult to suppress virus without harming the host. |
| Acyclovir? Use?(4) Administration?(3) | Zovirax: #1 choice for Herpes Virus. Use: genital herpes, Lip herpes(oral), Shingles(high dose) and Chicken Pox(24hr on onset). Admin:1.topical(initial not recurrent), 2.Oral(recurrent), 3.IV(severe). |
| Ganciclovir? Use?(1) Adverse Reaction?(1) | Cytovene/Viutrasert: Restricted. Use: only for prevention and treatment of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) in immunocompromised patients and prevention for patients with transplant risk. ADR: bone marrow Suppression. |
| Interferon Alfa? Use?(2) Side Effect?(2) | Use: Hepatitis B and C. SE: flu-like symptoms and depression. |
| Lamivudine? Use?(1) Side Effect?(3) Education?(1) Adverse Effects?(1) | Epivir HBV: treats infections caused by HIV and HBV. SE: reduce Serum ALT, liver inflammation and fibrosis. Edu: resistance is emerging. ADR: Lactic Acidosis is rare but dangerous. D/C in continues. |
| Rebetron? Administration?(2) Use?(1) Adverse Effects?(4) Monitor?(1)Education?(1) | Ribavirin. Admin:can be taking oral (solo) or SubQ (combo Interferon Alfa). Use: Hepatitis C. ADR:Flu-like symptoms, depression, hemolytic anemia, and birth defects. Mon:take blood counts before, 2 wks after and 4wks therapy. Edu: avoid pregnancy. |
| Influenza? | managed by vaccination and drugs. the two categories are first gen(A) and second gen(a&b) |
| Influenza Vaccines? Duration?(1) Administration?(2) Side Effects?(4) | Vaccine: best protection. Dura:1-2 wks after receiving and last for 6mths. Admin: Flumist(nasal) and IM. SE:soreness, fever, myalgia(muscle pain) and malaise(discomfort). |
| Amantadine and Rimantadine? Use?(1) Side Effects?(3) | Symmetrel/Flumadine: First Gen. Use: used for prophylaxis and treatment of Influenza A. SE: CNS, CV, and Teratogenic(disrupt growth of embryo and fetus). |
| Neuraminidase Inhibitors? Types?(2) Side Effects?(4) | Inhibitors: treat influenza A and B. Types:Oseltamivir(older than 18) and Zanamivir(older than 12). SE: N/V cough and sore throat. |
| Ribavirin? Use? Administration? Contraindicated? | Use:Severe Viral Pneumonia caused by RSV. Admin: inhaled. Contra: pregnancy. |
| Palivizumab? Use? Education? | Use:prevent RSV in premature and young children with chronic lung disease. Edu: expensive. |
Created by:
aneshia
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