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1942B US History SG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Land-Lease Act | a law, passed in 1941, that allowed the US to ship arms & other supplies w/o immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis powers. |
| Marshall Plan | the program, proposed by the Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, under which the US supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII |
| Vietnamization | President Nixon's strategy for ending US involvement in the vietnam war involving the gradual withdrawal of US troops and their replacement w/ south vietnamese forces |
| Containment | the blocking of another nation's attempts to spread its influence - especially the efforts of the US to block the spread of Soviet influence during the 1940s and 1950s |
| Domino Theory | the idea that if a nation falls under communist controls, hereby nations will also fall under communist control |
| McCarthyism | the attacks, often unsubstantiated, by Senator McCarthy and others on people suspected of being Communists in the early 1950s |
| Freedom Rider | one of the civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation |
| Sit-in | a form of demonstration used by African Americans to protest discrimination, in which the protestors sit down in a serrated business and refuse to leave until they are served |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | a 195 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) | an organization formed in 1957 by MLK jr and other leaders to work for civil rights in nonviolent means |
| Nation of Islam | a religious group popularly known as the Black Muslims founded by Elija Muhammad to promote black segregation and the islamic religion |
| Black Panthers | a militant African American political organization formed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966 to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto |
| New Frontier | JFK's legislative program which included proposals to provide medical care for the elderly and to rebuild urban education and to aid education |
| The Great Society | president Lydon B Johnson's program to reduce poverty and racial justice and to promote a better quality of life in the states |
| Manhattan Project | the US program to develop an atomic bomb for use in WWII |
| Berlin Airlift | a 327 day operation in which the US and british planes flew food and supplies into berlin after the so vies blockaded the city in 1948 |
| Watergate | scandal arising from the Nixon admin's attempt to cover up its involvement in the 1972 break in at the democratic national committee headquarters in the watergate apartment complex |
| Reaganomics | economic policies of pres. Reagan, which were focused on budget cuts and the granting of large tax cuts in order to increase private investment |
| Plessy v Ferguson | 1896 case that the supreme court ruled that seperation of races in public accommodations was legal thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine |
| Truman Doctrine | US policy announced by pres. Truman in 1947 of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents |
| Hoovervilles | a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s. |
| Internment Camps | During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan. |
| Highway Act of 1956 | The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | The Johnson administration subsequently relied upon the resolution to begin its rapid escalation of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam and open warfare between North Vietnam and the United States. |
| Red Scare | The rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. This “scare” was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution. |
| Bus Boycotts | The Montgomery Bus Boycott, a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war. |
| Roe v Wade | The Supreme Court case that held that the Constitution protected a woman's right to an abortion prior to the viability of the fetus; thus, government regulation of abortions must meet strict scrutiny in judicial review. |
| Vietnam | country in SE Asia |
| Korematsu v United States | 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. |
| Great Depression | the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. |
| New Frontier | A slogan used by President John F. Kennedy to describe his goals and policies. he maintained that, like the Americans of the frontier in the nineteenth century, Americans of the twentieth century had to rise to new challenges. |
| Dr. Martin Luther | An African-American clergyman and political leader of the twentieth century; the most prominent member of the civil rights movement. |
| 18th ammendment | effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring illegal the production, transport and sale of alcohol |
| Fidel Castro | Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban politician and revolutionary who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008. |
| Ceasar Chavez | Cesar Chavez was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. |
| Korean War | fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. |
| The Marshall Plan | was an American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $17 billion (approximately $120 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II. |
| Zero Tolerance | a policy of very strict, uncompromising enforcement of rules or laws. |
| Rosa Parks | an African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". |
| Selma | protesters attempting to march from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities. |
| CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps | The goal was two-fold: conservation of our natural resources and the salvage of our young men. The CCC is recognized as the single greatest conservation program in America and it served as a catalyst to develop the very tenets of modern conservation. |
| National Recovery Act | a law passed by the United States Congress in 1933 to authorize the President to regulate industry in an attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, ect |
| Pearl Harbor | Just before 8 a.m. on December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The barrage lasted just two hours, |
| Truman and the Atomic bomb | US president truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on hiroshema to end world war II |
| The Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. |
| Hitler | leader of Nazi party |
| Cold War | a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). |
| Women and WWII | During World War II, some 350,000 women served in the U.S. Armed Forces, both at home and abroad.the percentage increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent, and by 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home. |
| Beats | a group of young poets, writers, and artists who wrote harsh critiques of what they considered the sterility and conformity of american life, the meaninglessness of american politics. |
| Woodstock | A town in NE Illinois |
| Reagan | Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States. Before his presidency he served as the 33rd Governor of California; before that he was a nationally known film and television actor |
| Guerilla warfare | Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as armed civilians or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare. |
| Sandra Day O’Connor | Sandra Day O'Connor is a retired Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until her retirement in 2006. She was the first woman to be appointed to the Court. |
| Baby Boom | a period of greatly increased birth rate |
| Economic growth in the U.S. in the 1950s | The economy overall grew by 37% during the 1950s. At the end of the decade, the median American family had 30% more purchasing power than at the beginning. Inflation, which had wreaked havoc on the economy immediately after World War II, was minimal. |
| Joseph McCarthy | Joseph Raymond "Joe" McCarthy was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. |
| Nixon and the People’s Republic of China | 1972, President Richard M. Nixon arrived in China for an official trip. He was the first U.S. president to visit the People's Republic of China since it was established in 1949. |
| Haight/Ashbury | district in San Fransisco |
| US Roadway Act | enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of US$25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period. |
| Gandi | He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India’s struggle to gain independence from Great Britain. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. |
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alliesposito25
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