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Liver
Physiology (Test 3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The liver has how many lobes? | 4 |
| What are the names of the lobes of the liver? | 1)right, 2)left, 3)caudate, 4)quadrate |
| Which of the lobes of the liver is the largest? | right lobe |
| What are liver cells called? | hepatocytes |
| What type of cells are hepatocytes? | reddish, brownish, simple quboidal cells |
| What are the 8 functions of hepatocytes? | 1)contain CP450, 2)makes plasma proteins, 3)controls/regulated lipid metabolism, 4)stores fate-soluble vitamins, 5)stores and controls vit B12, 6)regulates iron metabolism, 7)clears blood of hemoglobin metabolites, 8)makes bile |
| Define cytochrome P-450. | powerful family of detoxifying enzymes |
| What are some plasma proteins made by the liver? | albumin, globulins, clotting factors |
| What are some fat-soluble vitamins stored by the liver? | D, E, A, K |
| What is 1 water-soluble vitamin stored by the liver? | vitamin B12 |
| What are some hemoglobin metabolites that are cleared from the blood by the liver? | biliverdin, bilirubin |
| What is biliverdin? | greenish pigment of hemoglobin breakdown |
| What is bilirubin? | reddish yellow pigment of hemoglobin breakdown |
| Why is the clearing of hemoglobin metabolites by the liver important? | without it, the metabolites would build up and produce jaundice; these metabolites are also toxic at high levels |
| What is jaundice? | yellow coloring of skin |
| What does the liver make bile from? | biliverdin and bilirubin |
| Describe the pathway of bile. | made in liver, stored in gallbladder, dumped into intestine, eliminated in feces |
| What are the 2 major excretory pathways of the body? | 1)bile, 2)urine |
| What is the tiny, microscopic functional unit of the hepatic lobes? | lobule |
| Describe the appearance and formation of hepatic lobules. | long, cylindrical, running up and down, lined side-by-side |
| What runs down the middle of the lobule? | central vein |
| Rows of __________________ go around the central vein, like spokes on a wheel. | hepatocytes |
| In between the rows of hepatocytes are large _____________. | sinusoids |
| From the top, each lobule looks like a _______________. | hexagon |
| On the outside of the lobule, you see ________________ wrapped in connective tissue. | hepatic triads |
| What 3 things form the hepatic triad? | 1)branch of hepatic portal vein, 2) branch of hepatic artery, 3)branch of bile duct |
| What is the function of the hepatic portal vein? | brings venous blood down the sinusoids to the central vein; it runs from the intestines to liver; everything you absorb from the GI tract goes first through the liver, before it goes to the inferior vena cava and enters general circulation |
| What is the function of the hepatic artery? | supplies O2 to the hepatocytes; allows for repeat cycles of blood through the liver |
| What is the function of the bile duct? | while the blood is flowing down the sinusoids, the hepatocytes are making bile and pushing it toward the bile duct away from the central vein (opposite direction of blood flow) |
| What is the function of bile? | helps us digest fats |
| For a normal functioning liver you have to have open ___________ for blood to flow through (from hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery to central vein). | sinusoids |
| True or False: The liver is very resistant and capable of repairing itself. | True |
| If chronic damage to the liver occurs, it overwhelms the liver and _________________ move in and low down large amounts of _______________, forming a __________. | fibroblasts/fibrocytes; collagen; scar |
| Scarring of the liver is called _________________. | cirrhosis (normally called fibrosis) |
| What happens after a liver is full of scar tissue/cirrhosis? | restricts blood flow, lose some liver function, pressure backs up into the hepatic portal vein, portal HTN, possible rupture of esophageal veins |
Created by:
lindseymontgomery
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