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Topic 8: Climate

Pages (165-171)

QuestionAnswer
Define Climate: Long term, annual atmospheric conditions described in terms of monthly average temperature and monthly precipitation.
List the two key aspects of climate. Temperature and Moisture.
Explain potential evapotranspiration. The demand for moisture by the sky. Hot temperature = high demand; Cool temperature = low demand.
Compare an arid climate with a humid climate. Arid = desert; humid = more precipitation with lower potential evapotranspiration.
List the eight (8) factors affecting climate. Latitude, Planetary wind belts (ESRT pg. 14), oceans and large bodies of water, ocean currents (ESRT pg. 4), mountain ranges, elevation, cloud cover & vegetation.
As latitude increases away from the equator, explain what happens to temperature and humidity. Latitude increases, temp. & humidity decreases.
Depict the moisture conditions and pressure each 30 degrees from the Equator to the Poles. Equator is wet and low pressure. 30 degrees North and South is dry and high pressure. 60 degrees wet and low. 90 degrees dry and high.
Describe how large bodies of water effect coastal climate. Air condition in the summer and heat in the winter due to specific heat differences between water and land.
Name the prevailing winds from 30 degrees North to 60 degrees North. South Westerly winds that affect all of the United States. Thus, all air masses are pushed East from California towards New York.
Name the key ocean current effecting the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf Current, a warm current flowing from Florida to Ireland.
Describe the two sides of a mountain, the windward vs. the leeward. Windward is cooler and moister, leeward is hotter and drier. Compare California and Arizona. Pressure is the key factor!!
Explain deforestation. Humans cutting down forests and jungles to meet human demand for farm land, and urban center related needs.
Describe the planetary wind pattern for an area with a dry climate. Divergent at ground level, and high pressure (sinking air).
Discuss how volcanic ash effects climate. The ash reflects insolation back into space like a cloud top which cools the surface of the Earth below.
How does Ozone layer depletion effect climate? Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Without this shield, the high intensity radiation strikes Earth with greater intensity which causes cancer in humans and kills/ adversely impacts all life above the surface of water.
Can you explain the green house effect? Build up of CO2 due to burning of fossil fuels; and Methane, both of which absorb infrared radiation. This causes an increase in air temperature.
Created by: whearn
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